Reactive rock phosphate fertilizers and soil testing for phosphorus: The effect of particle size of the rock phosphate

North Carolina rock phosphate (NCRP) (highly carbonate—substituted apatite) was ground to produce three samples with different particle size distributions. The effectiveness of these fertilizers was compared with the effectiveness of superphosphate in a field experiment and three glasshouse experiments using lateritic soils from south-western Australia. Non-reactive Queensland rock phosphate (low carbonate-substituted apatite from the Duchess deposit) was also used in the pot experiments. Bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus extracted from the soil is widely used in Western Australia to predict plant yields from previously-applied fertilizer dressings. For both field and pot experiments bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (soil test value) was measured and related to subsequent plant yields.As calculated from the initial slope of the relationship between yield and the level of P applied, finely powdered NCRP was about 5–32% as effective as freshly-applied superphosphate in the year of application and also for two years after application in the field experiment, and for two successive crops in the three pot experiments. For both field and pot experiments, finely powdered NCRP, was at best, 1.5–2.0 times as effective as granular NCRP. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of rock phosphates usually decreased with increasing level of application.For each of the crops in the field experiment, the relationships between yield and phosphorus content of plants (i.e. internal efficiency curves) were similar for all fertilizers. Thus the low effectiveness of the rock phosphates relative to superphosphate was solely due to much less phosphorus being taken up by plants. By contrast, in the pot experiments internal efficiency curves differed for different fertilizers. This is attributed to differences in the rate of phosphorus uptake by plant roots during the early stages of plant growth.For both field and pot experiments, soil test calibrations (the relationship between yield and soil test value) differed for rock phosphates and superphosphate. For superphosphate, soil test calibrations also differed for the three different years after the initial application of this fertilizer in the field experiment. For the second crop in the pot experiment, soil test calibrations differed for superphosphate applied at different times (before the first and the second crop). These results point out the difficulty of applying soil testing procedures to soils that have experienced different histories of fertilizer application.     

柔性分离盘抑制圆柱涡激振动的风洞试验

该文利用附属柔性分离盘对圆柱涡激振动(VIV)控制问题进行了风洞试验研究。针对弹性支撑的圆柱及不同长度柔性分离盘的试验模型,在雷诺数7 500-40 000情况下,测定不同约化速度(3.5-18.7)下的振动瞬态位移。结果表明:柔性分离盘长度(L)/圆柱直径(D)比为0.6、0.8和1三种圆柱的横向无因次均方根振幅远小于单圆柱,涡激振动抑制效果很好,均在77.6%以上,其中L=0.8D的圆柱抑制效果最佳,几乎无振动;而L=1.2D和1.5D的圆柱反而出现振动增强,约4.5%和9%。对比单圆柱的共振区,附属柔性分离盘的圆柱共振区在约化速度上更靠后且范围更大。     

微波合成阿司匹林的工艺研究

本论文采用微波方法合成阿司匹林，用无水碳酸钠作催化剂量，研究了微波在有机合成中的应用及其他加热原理。利用了交互的正交试验方法，在反应物配比、微波功率，辐射时间和催化剂用量这四个因素中寻找出最佳合成工艺条件，从而提高了阿司匹林的产率，实现了有效地利用微波技术促进有机合成反应。     

积层线路板用液态感光成像油墨的应用研究

研究了积层线路板油墨的组成配方、制备和应用工艺,分析了不同预烘时间对油墨分辨率的影响以及过显和显影不足问题的形成,并从生产和实际操作的角度,提出了解决的方案。利用聚苯醚改性的环氧树脂,应用于油墨的配方中,改善了油墨固化后绝缘材料的耐热性、介电性等主要性能。油墨中改性环氧树脂的质量分数为13.0%时,固化后绝缘材料的玻璃化温度可达184.22℃,介电常数为3.19,介质耗损因数为0.019,可以作高频积层线路板的绝缘层。     

高浓度烤烟专用肥肥效试验

介绍高浓度烤烟专用肥肥效试验。结果表明：楚雄磷肥厂生产的高浓度烤烟肥，可以代替进口的同类化肥。     

聚己二酸1,2-环己二醇酯的合成

采用正交实验方法,分别以钛酸四丁酯和对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,合成了聚己二酸1,2 环己二醇酯,对其合成工艺条件进行了研究,得出了最佳工艺条件。并以所得聚酯合成了具有透明度高、硬度大、耐磨、玻璃化温度高等优异性能的聚氨酯材料。     

吸水树脂PAA／AM的合成研究

以N，N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（Bis）为交联剂，过硫酸钾（KPS）做引发剂，以丙烯酸（AA），丙烯酰胺（AM）为反应单体水溶液聚合法合成了适用于淡水和盐水的吸水膨胀聚合物。采用正交实验法对最佳吸水膨胀配方进行了优选：单体浓度[M]=30％；单体中和度N=75％；引发剂浓度[I]=0．15％；交联剂浓度[C]=0.011％；反应温度为75℃及反应时间3h。对PAA的吸液速率进行了测定，并讨论了它的反复吸液能力。     

超细聚苯乙烯(PS)树脂的制备工艺研究

采用O/W型苯乙烯微乳液体系,研究了乳化剂OP-10、助乳化剂DBS、交联剂DVB等对聚苯乙烯(PS)粒径分布的影响,基于正交试验,找出了量佳微乳液体系配方。采用激光粒度仪与透射电镜(TEM)对纳米PS粒子的粒径进行了测量研究,结果表明:交联PS粒子单分散性好,大小较均匀。     

水泥酸溶性的理论计算与试验研究

根据化学反应方程式计算出溶解一定质量的水泥熟料需要盐酸的摩尔数,结果发现该值明显低于测定水泥酸不溶物常用的摩尔数。根据计算结果,通过正交试验获取较佳的条件组合,提出了测定水泥活性组分的酸溶解测定方法。试验表明,测定方案可行,酸不溶物的测定结果与实际混合材掺量的偏差<0.6%。     

南京地区固定式安装太阳能电池板最佳倾角设计

对于固定安装的光伏电池板,其倾角的选择直接影响到所接收到的太阳辐射量,从而决定着太阳能利用系统的性能。本文在获得南京地区辐射资料的基础上,采用太阳辐射量气象学模型,针对任意方位角固定式安装的光伏电池板给出了最佳倾角的计算结果。该结果可为南京地区太阳能系统的设计与安装提供理论依据,并为相近地区太阳辐射量计算提供参考。