Service life planning and performance requirements

Service life planning comprises a model for the determination of a reasonable expected service life for buildings and components, and it establishes a routine for the assessment of design alternatives. A design option is considered reasonable when it meets or exceeds performance requirements over time that have been drawn up specifically for the specific project. Due to this assessment reference, there is a very evident link to the concept of performance-based building. Any stakeholder involved in the value chain or in the design process of the building, as well as regulators and building users, can express performance requirements. Identified requirements, both in relevance and in quality, will vary with the stakeholder and his/her perspective of interest. As building sector manufacturers develop most products with reference to standards rather than with reference to specific requirements, there is no direct link from user requirements to the product design. Instead, the building designer has the responsibility to ensure performance requirements are met by the performance of products integrated into the design. As these design decisions also have to be made at the material and component level, a performance-based building would benefit from an established rationale that enables the communication of performance requirements across the relevant system levels in the relevant design processes. A path for the connection of the established concepts of service life planning and performance-based building is presented. The aim is to identify key elements that need to be developed for the successful linkage of performance-based building with service life planning.     

浅谈居住小区网络及信息服务安全系统的质量控制

居住小区网络及信息服务安全系统是各种控制设备、传感器及执行装置联结在一起,通过现场总线、以太网或宽带接入网实现实时的信息交互、管理和控制。本文阐述了居住小区网络及信息服务安全系统的质量控制,以达到保障工程质量,提高服务质量的目的。     

Creep-induced local lattice parameter changes in a monocrystalline nickel-base superalloy

The γ-γ lattice mismatch of specimens of the monocrystalline nickel-base superalloy SRR 99 has been measured by a high-resolution X-ray diffraction technique for the undeformed state and after high-tem-perature creep deformation. During creep deformation beyond the minimum creep rate (total strain =0.5%), the lattice mismatches, measured in and perpendicular to the [001] stress axis, respectively, un-dergo changes in opposite directions. This reflects the buildup of a complex deformation-induced triaxial state of internal stress in the phases y and γ. The overall resolved shear stresses that act in γ and y due to the combined action of the external and internal stresses are estimated, and the conditions under which cutting of the γ phase by dislocations should occur are discussed.     

单向Cf/SiC复合材料的弯曲疲劳性能

对单向Cf/SiC复合材料进行了三点弯曲疲劳性能测试,得到了复合材料的应力－寿命曲线（S－N曲线）,并对其进行线性拟合,得到疲劳最大应力与复合材料疲劳寿命的关系;考察了疲劳过程中刚度下降和疲劳裂纹产生情况。结果表明在疲劳过程中复合材料的弯曲模量有3个变化阶段：首先在疲劳加载初期,弯曲模量的下降速度及幅度都较大;其次在弯曲模量下降到原始弯曲模量的85％（133GPa)后,其变化方式没有明显的规律可循,有时甚至可能上升;最后复合材料发生疲劳断裂时,模量将发生突变。显微结构分析表明：基体横向裂纹群的产生是疲劳断裂的独有特征。它的产生是由于基体SiC的断裂应变小于碳纤维的断裂应变,基体首先开裂并导致应力重新分布的结果。     

Phosphate sorption approach for determining phosphorus requirements of wheat in calcareous soils

Five field experiments involving P application rates from 0 to 66 kg P ha^–1 were conducted on irrigated wheat at Tandojam, Pakistan. The soils belonged to two great soil groups, Torrifluvent and Camborthid. All soils were calcareous. Olsen-P contents ranged from 3.5 to 6.3 mg P kg^–1. Phosphate sorption curves were developed for soils from control (no P) plots at each site. Concentrations of P in solution established by fertilization in the field as estimated from the sorption curves ranged from 0.008 to 0.16mg P L^–1. Actual grain yields were converted to relative grain yields and plotted against corresponding concentrations of P in solution. Yield response to P application was obtained in each experiment. Control plot yields ranged from 57 to 89% of maximum yield of respective experiments. Phosphorus requirements of wheat were 0.032 mg L^–1 for 95% yield as determined from a composite yield response curve. Predicted quantities of P required to attain 0.032 mg P L^–1 ranged from 18 to 29 kg P ha^–1. The results of the study suggest that the P sorption approach can be used as a rational basis for making P fertilizer recommendations for various soil-crop combinations.     

雷达软件测试文档追踪系统的关键技术研究

雷达软件规模日益庞大,其软件测试也变得非常复杂,测试需求追踪逐步变成非常困难的任务,目前急需解决雷达软件中测试需求追踪管理、文档自动生成等问题。通过对软件测试需求的识别与定位、软件测试任务的分派,实现了雷达软件测试需求的跟踪、追溯,以及按标准模板产生相应的文档,重点对实现该追踪系统的关键技术进行了分析和描述。     

基于开发者协作关系和信息检索的需求跟踪系统

目前自动化需求跟踪的研究广泛使用文本信息检索技术。然而信息检索会遗漏一些文本不相似但是实际相关的软件制品,导致自动化跟踪的精度不高。针对上述问题,提出利用开发者协作关系来进行优化,研发了基于开发者协作关系和信息检索的需求跟踪系统。该系统在进行需求跟踪时,首先用信息检索推荐与需求文本上相似的代码,然后从代码提交日志中挖掘开发者协作关系,根据开发者协作关系再推荐相关代码,用户根据两次推荐的结果确定正确的需求代码跟踪关系。试验结果表明该系统能够找到信息检索遗漏的需求跟踪关系,能够提高自动化跟踪的准确性,节省跟踪时间。     

CMOS图像传感器中分段电容DAC非理想因素研究

CMOS图像传感器信号处理中通常采用分段电容DAC产生斜坡参考电压。研究了分段电容DAC精确的电容失配及寄生与其转换精度的关系式。基于对分段电容DAC工作原理的研究,导出了电容失配及寄生模型;针对其分数桥接电容失配、各二进制电容间的失配及寄生电容问题进行了理论分析;对分段电容DAC进行非理想因素仿真,设计了一个采用分段电容DAC的10位单斜ADC并对其进行测试,仿真和测试结果均验证了理论分析的正确性。上述理论分析结果可作为分段电容DAC的设计指导。     

Cooking personas: Goal-directed design requirements in the kitchen

Technology to assist people in the kitchen has become a major research topic as technology becomes more ubiquitous in the home. Research is being carried out in numerous areas to assist with cooking, from solving difficulties in the kitchen to more recently enhancing already good experiences related to cooking. To design solutions that are not only usable, but useful in all related aspects of cooking, we must get a good understanding of the needs of the user. It is important that real needs are identified, so that products or systems designed are adopted and are sustainable. There are various methods that researchers and designers use to gain user insights and there is much debate on different approaches and their effectiveness. Whilst there have been a number of ethnographic style studies in people's homes, there has been little in the way of understanding user goals in the kitchen which could lead to more effective design solutions. In this paper, we present goal-directed research of cooking needs in Singapore. We produce three primary design personas and three secondary personas, describing their goals and needs and where they can be helped through technology. An online survey was carried out to validate our personas, comparing our qualitative and quantitative findings. We provide a general holistic overview of kitchen requirements for these personas, whether in helping correct problems or enhancing positive experiences and how these needs can be connected. The user requirements provided can help guide researchers and help designers produce more meaningful, complete and acceptable technology solutions in the kitchen.     

基于市场需求的旅游高职人才培养模式研究

我国旅游高职人才培养滞后行业需求,＂供需错位＂现象突出.＂2＋1＂模式彻底打破了旅游高职＂由学校办学校＂的传统模式,让旅游企业参与学校育人过程,完全按照行业标准打造合格＂产品＂,实现了人才培养与旅游行业人才需求之间的＂无缝对接＂,实现了企业、学校、教师、学生多方共赢,具有高职特色、适应旅游市场需求的旅游专业人才培养模式.