Samuel J. Moseley  Christine A. Allen  Nicholas Costin  Richard Kelley  Caroline Kilbourne  Timothy Miller 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2008,151(1-2):418-423

We have developed an automated die-scale process for the attachment of X-ray absorbers onto microcalorimeters. Here, we describe the process for the production of absorber tiles on a handle wafer, their attachment to the microcalorimeter, and the removal of the supporting handle wafer. The process is shown to be a robust path to large format arrays of microcalorimeters.   相似文献   

    

Farid Abed‐Meraim  Alain Combescure 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2009,80(13):1640-1686

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Jiangfeng Wang  Yiping Dai  Zhixin Sun 《International Journal of Refrigeration》2009,32(6):1186-1194

A new combined power and refrigeration cycle is proposed for the cogeneration, which combines the Rankine cycle and the ejector refrigeration cycle by adding an extraction turbine between heat recovery vapor generator (HRVG) and ejector. This combined cycle could produce both power output and refrigeration output simultaneously, and could be driven by the flue gas from gas turbine or engine, solar energy, geothermal energy and industrial waste heats. Parametric analysis and exergy analysis are conducted to examine the effects of thermodynamic parameters on the performance and exergy destruction in each component for the combined cycle. The results show that the condenser temperature, the evaporator temperature, the turbine inlet pressure, the turbine extraction pressure and extraction ratio have significant effects on the turbine power output, refrigeration output, exergy efficiency and exergy destruction in each component in the combined cycle. It is also shown that the biggest exergy destruction occurs in the heat recovery vapor generator, followed by the ejector and turbine.  相似文献   

    

Zhongwu Wang  Yusheng Zhao  Chang‐sheng Zha  Qing Xue  Robert T. Downs  Ren‐Guan Duan  Razvan Caracas  Xiaozhou Liao 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2008,20(17):3303-3307

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Chunlu Zhang  Guoliang Ding 《International Journal of Refrigeration》2004,27(1):1308

Approximate analytic solution of capillary tube is valuable for theoretical analysis and engineering calculation. In this work, two kinds of approximate analytic solutions of adiabatic capillary tube have been developed. One is the explicit function of capillary tube length. Another is the explicit function of refrigerant mass flow rate. In these solutions, the choked flow condition is taken into account without iterative calculations. The approximate predictions are found to agree reasonably well with experimental data in open literatures.  相似文献   

    

R Shoureshi  K McLaughlin 《International Journal of Refrigeration》1987,10(6):326-330

Implementation of new techniques for real-time control and failure detection of HVAC & R equipment requires fast and accurate methods for on-line calculation of the thermodynamic properties of refrigerants. This Paper presents a new approach to such on-line property calculations using a technique evolved from a new specific entropy-specific volume plane. The special feature of constant temperature lines in this entropy—volume plane provides the basis for the proposed fast, simple and accurate method. The results of a case study on R12 are presented with an accuracy in temperature calculations of within 0.5°C and higher.  相似文献   

    

C. Chaichana  Lu Aye  W. W. S. Charters 《International Journal of Refrigeration》2003,26(6):637-643

The option of using natural working fluids as a substitute of R-22 for solar-boosted heat pumps depends not only upon thermal performance and hazardous rating but also on potential impacts on the environment. This paper presents the comparative assessment of natural working fluids with R-22 in terms of their characteristics and thermophysical properties, and thermal performance. Some justification is given for using natural working fluids in a solar boosted heat pump water heater. The results show that R-744 is not suitable for solar-boosted heat pumps because of its low critical temperature and high operational pressures. On the other hand, R-717 seems to be a more appropriate substitute in terms of operational parameters and overall performance. However, major changes in the heat pumps are required. R-290 and R-1270 are identified as candidates for direct drop-in substitutes for R-22.  相似文献   

    

D. Pisignano  L. Persano  M.&#x;F. Raganato  P. Visconti  R. Cingolani  G. Barbarella  L. Favaretto  G. Gigli 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2004,16(6):525-529

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J. D. Douglas  J. E. Braun  E. A. Groll  D. R. Tree 《International Journal of Refrigeration》1999,22(2):647

This paper describes the development and application of a general purpose method for comparing alternative refrigerants. The method utilizes a single performance index based upon minimum cost for a simplified system operating with a given cooling capacity and efficiency. The cost-based method is an improvement over other methods for evaluating refrigerants in that it more appropriately considers the influence of both thermodynamic and transport properties on refrigerant choice and it allows consideration of additional costs associated with some replacements (e.g. safety features for flammable refrigerants). A computer model based upon this method was used to evaluate the performance of several leading R-22 replacement candidates for window air conditioners. Primarily, the cost differences between alternative refrigerants are associated with the heat exchangers and the refrigerant/oil requirements. The cost differences associated with different compressor displacement requirements were found to have a minor influence on overall cost differences. For the optimized systems, all of the alternatives had system costs that were within about 4% of those for R-22. Further, the differences between most of the alternative refrigerants were smaller than the uncertainties in the analysis.  相似文献   

    

Shuai He  Changsheng Li  Jinyi Ren  Yahui Han 《国际钢铁研究》2018,89(10)

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