基于CURE算法的网络用户行为分析

从安全的角度分析网络用户行为,建立了一个基于Netflow统计的用户行为向量数据模型,提出了一个网络用户行为的分析框架,建立了一个分析流程。针对存储网络用户行为的大型数据库选用了一个合适的聚类算法即CURE算法,并对CURE算法进行了基于实际应用的改进。实验结果表明,改进后的CURE算法不仅能很好地聚类,而且能区分出正常行为和异常行为,通过危害行为评价体系分析,聚类得到的异常行为是危害行为的检测率非常高。对于实时网络上的增量数据,文中也给出了增量挖掘的算法,符合网络实时分析的需要。     

Microwave processing of thermosets: non-contact cure monitoring and fibre optic temperature sensors

Abstract

Conventionally, curing thermosetting resins involves heating the sample in an autoclave or an oven where heat is transferred to the sample through conduction and convection involving long processing time. Microwave curing offers an efficient alternative to thermal processing as heating occurs directly inside the sample resulting in lower energy consumption and faster curing. However, it requires non-metallic cure monitoring systems. In this study, a non-contact fibre optic probe was constructed and deployed inside a custom-modified microwave oven to record near-infrared (NIR) spectra, in real-time, of a thermoset undergoing cure. Simultaneous spectroscopic and temperature data on the sample during cure have been obtained for a range of microwave power levels. Comparison is also made between a sample cured in the microwave oven with one cured conventionally. In the final part, two optical fibre temperature sensors were designed and evaluated with an aim to use them in the microwave oven for temperature metrology. The sensors were based on the Fabry-Perot interferometer. The first sensor was evaluated from ambient to 400°C with an accuracy of ± 1·0°C, while the second sensor was tested from ambient to 300°C. The accuracy of the second sensor was ± 0·5°C.     

应用聚类算法的WebGIS对象预获取策略的研究

WebGIS利用Internet技术在Web上发布空间数据提供给用户浏览和使用,但在进行远程访问时常会产生严重的响应延迟。本文针对这一问题,将改进后的CURE算法应用于WebGIS的对象预获取过程。保证了预测的准确率,同时减少了用户访问的响应时间。     

基于划分和层次的混合动态聚类算法*

针对划分聚类对初始值较为敏感以及层次聚类时间复杂度高等缺陷,提出了一种基于划分和层次的混合动态聚类算法HDC-PH。该算法首先使用划分聚类快速生成一定数量的子簇,然后以整体相似度的聚类质量评价标准来动态改变聚类数目,同时给出了聚类过程中孤立点的剔除方法。实验结果表明,HDC-PH算法的性能明显优于划分和层次算法,提高了聚类质量,并获得了更自然的聚类结果。     

引入信息熵的CURE聚类算法

为了提高传统CURE(Clustering Using REpresentatives) 聚类算法的质量,引入信息熵对其进行改进。该算法使用K-means算法对样本数据集进行预聚类;采用基于信息熵的相似性度量,利用簇中的元素提供的信息度量不同簇之间的相互关系,并描述数据的分布;在高层、低层聚类阶段,采取不同的选取策略,分别选取相应的代表点。在UCI数据集和人造数据集上的实验结果表明,提出的算法在一定程度上提高了聚类的准确率,且在大型数据集上比传统CURE算法有着更高的聚类效率。     

基于马氏距离的双层聚类电力远动异常检测

通过对电力远动监测系统和数据挖掘技术的讨论,提出一种基于马氏距离的双层聚类异常检测算法。针对远动系统数据非球面分布的特点,该算法通过K-means聚类改进算法对数据进行初始分类,然后使用基于马氏距离的Clustering Using Representatives(CURE)聚类改进算法对初始分类结果进行优化,以较少的计算成本去除K值设定的影响,达到预期的检测结果。同时,基于马氏距离的CURE聚类改进算法对球面和非球面分布的数据有非常好的适应能力。     

Effect of process variables on melt temperature profiles in extrusion process using single screw plastics extruder

Abstract

Melt temperature is an important parameter in the melt processing of polymers. However, it is not possible to control melt temperature directly, only to influence it using processing parameters such as processing temperature settings. It is therefore important to know the influence of controllable process parameters on melt temperature. In this work, the relationships between controllable process parameters and melt temperature have been investigated for a 50 mm S + B single screw extruder. The extruder was equipped with a thermocouple mesh at the die inlet to determine melt temperature. It was found that melt pressure, die size, feed section barrel temperature, and compression section barrel temperature had a negligible effect on the melt temperature profiles generated, while increasing the screw speed resulted in higher melt temperatures. The metering section barrel temperature had a significant effect on melt temperature, thermal conduction effects being more important than shear heating effects. Equipment wall temperatures, downstream of the screw, produced changes in the melt temperature in the melt located within 7 mm of the wall. It was found that melt temperatures can be significantly different from those set on the equipment.     

Rheometers in scanning mode for cure of rubbers with low enthalpy: effect of heating rate and rubber–die contact

Abstract

Rheometers are usually run under isothermal conditions for the cure of rubbers, in spite of the following drawbacks: three experiments at least are necessary at different temperatures selected within a narrow temperature window, and it takes some time for thermal equilibrium to establish between the rubber sample initially at room temperature and the dies. In scanning mode, the dies of the rheometer and the sample should be heated from room temperature up to the selected final temperature at a constant rate. The effect of the value given to the heating rate, which is the main factor in this new method, is especially studied, as well as the quality of the contact between the dies and the sample. The rubber used in the present study is a natural rubber vulcanised with 2% sulphur with a low enthalpy. The kinetic parameters of this cure reaction have been previously determined by isothermal rheometry, and the enthalpy measured by calorimetry. The state of cure–temperature curves in scanning mode have been calculated using a numerical model taking into account the conduction heat transfer through the rubber, the coefficient of heat transfer at the die–rubber interface, and the kinetics of the heat evolved from the cure reaction with the enthalpy. The kinetic parameters are determined from the state of cure–temperature curves, which are similar to the torque–temperature curves, using a least squares method. The values of the kinetic parameters obtained by this last calculation, based on the mathematical treatment of these curves, are the same as those introduced for obtaining these curves using the numerical model. Thus, whatever the heating rate, ranging from 2 to 10 K min ^–1 , and the value of the coefficient of heat transfer at the die–rubber interface expressing the quality of the contact, in scanning mode the moving die rheometer (MDR) can be used to determine the kinetics of the cure of rubbers.     

Surface quality prediction of thermoset composite structures using geometric simulation tools

Abstract

The surface quality of polymer composite laminates was examined via geometric modelling techniques and compared to experimental data. TexGen software provided the platform for the development of a surface roughness simulation tool which accounted for textile architecture and specific cure kinetics of the matrix. The study focused on the influence of thermal and chemical shrinkage during cure and the change in localised volume fraction across the surface of a unit cell. A one-dimensional analysis was used to determine proportional dimensional changes to the matrix region, with the results stitched together to form a three-dimensional topological plot. Three demonstrator geometric models were developed to represent a carbon 2 × 2 twill weave fabric with 3000, 6000 or 12 000 tows. These models were analysed with low and high shrink resin properties. Optical microscopy was used to determine accurate tow forms for compacted tows which aided the development of the geometric model. Simulated profiles, topography and surface roughness measures were compared to experimental data which demonstrated the significance of matrix contraction and fabric architecture on the final surface quality. The simulations were shown to represent experimental data typically within 6%.     

大数据环境下超声波焊缝缺陷识别方法的研究

为了解决常规超声波焊缝缺陷识别方法分类模型固定和训练集规模有限而难以体现不同缺陷的差异性和同类缺陷的多态性的问题;结合当今大数据环境下的数据分析策略和基因缺陷识别中匹配的思想;通过主成分分析和CURE聚类算法将缺陷回波信号编码转换成可进行匹配的对象;进而将当前检测缺陷特征与历史检测数据进行匹配;并利用最近邻方法实现了对缺陷历史检测数据集的扩充。通过在R上应用基于基本空位罚分的Smith-Waterman比对算法进行仿真实验验证了该缺陷识别方法是可行的;有效地识别了气孔、夹渣、裂纹、未焊透和未熔合五类常见缺陷;具有较好的识别准确率。