RTO: An overview and assessment of current practice

The practice of implementing real-time optimization (RTO) using a rigorous steady-state model, in conjunction with model predictive control (MPC), dates back to the late 1980s. Since then, numerous projects have been implemented in refinery and chemical plants, and RTO has received significant attention in the industrial and academic literature. This history affords us the opportunity to assess the impact and success of RTO technology in the process industries. We begin with a discussion of the role RTO serves in the hierarchy of control and optimization decision making in the plant, and outline the key steps of the RTO layer and the coordination with MPC. Where appropriate, we point out the different approaches that have been used in practice and discuss the success factors that directly relate to the success of RTO within an organization. We also discuss alternative approaches that have been used to alleviate some of the challenges associated with implementing RTO and which may be appropriate for those unwilling to commit to the traditional RTO approach. Lastly, we provide suggestions for improvement to motivate further research.     

基于层次分析法的测试用例可复用性度量研究

对测试用例的可复用性度量进行研究,构建测试用例可复用性评估模型,通过分析转化得到易于度量的层次分析模型。通过层次分析模型构建权重比较矩阵,再进行相关属性的度量,并可进一步开展自动的测试用例可复用性度量。     

The voting analytic hierarchy process method for discriminating among efficient decision making units in data envelopment analysis

Making optimal use of available resources has always been of interest to humankind, and different approaches have been used in an attempt to make maximum use of existing resources. Limitations of capital, manpower, energy, etc., have led managers to seek ways for optimally using such resources. In fact, being informed of the performance of the units under the supervision of a manager is the most important task with regard to making sensible decisions for managing them. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) suggests an appropriate method for evaluating the efficiency of homogeneous units with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. DEA models classify decision making units (DMUs) into efficient and inefficient ones. However, in most cases, managers and researchers are interested in ranking the units and selecting the best DMU. Various scientific models have been proposed by researchers for ranking DMUs. Each of these models has some weakness(es), which makes it difficult to select the appropriate ranking model. This paper presents a method for ranking efficient DMUs by the voting analytic hierarchy process (VAHP). The paper reviews some ranking models in DEA and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. Then, we provide the method for ranking efficient DMUs by VAHP. Finally we give an example to illustrate our approach and then the new method is employed to rank efficient units in a real world problem.     

基于模糊层次分析法的计算机网络安全评价

根据计算机网络的特点及网络安全涉及的因素,建立计算机网络安全评价的层次结构模型,运用基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法实现对网络安全的综合量化评价。实例的计算结果表明模糊层次分析法适用于定性判断的量化综合,它为计算机网络安全评价提供了一种探索性方法。     

Applying fuzzy hierarchy multiple attributes to construct an expert decision making process

The main objective of this paper is to propose an approach within the AHP framework for tackling the uncertainty and imprecision of service evaluations during pre-negotiation stages, where the expert’s comparison judgments are represented as fuzzy triangular numbers. A fuzzy prioritization method, which derives crisp priorities from consistent and inconsistent fuzzy comparison matrices, is described. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)-based decision-making method can provide decision makers or buyer a valuable reference for evaluating software quality. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Importantly, the proposed scheme can assist decision makers in assessing the feasibility of digital video recorder system to management public space, making it highly applicable for academic and commercial purposes.     

一种多核处理器存储层次性能评估模型

一种用于评估多核处理器存储层次性能的模型,使用排队论建模,求解速度快,可以在设计早期给出不同配置参数对处理器整体性能的影响,从而调整存储层次结构,优化设计.     

改进的基于目录的Cache一致性协议

介绍几种典型目录一致性协议并分析它们的优缺点。在综合全映射目录和有限目录优点的基础上,通过在存储器层上增加一个存储器高速缓存（Cache）层的方式,提出并讨论一种改进后的Cache一致性协议。该协议相对有限目录存储开销增加不多的情况下,提高了系统性能和可扩展性。     

并行计算模型参数动态分析软件包设计

并行计算模型的发展引入越来越多的模型参数。对并行计算模型参数动态采集分析软件包DEMPAT的整体框架进行研究,实现基于硬件性能计数器的存储层次参数采集模块。实验表明,该模块能够准确快速地获取存储层次参数且具有较好的可移植性。     

基于传感器数据的配电网设备能效评估

在深入分析配电网设备上加装的各类传感器装置中数据获取情况的基础之上,综合考虑设备的能效影响因素,构建了基于传感器数据的配电网设备能效评估指标体系。根据每个指标在节能潜力、成本和难度方面对配电网设备能效的影响程度不同,构建了递阶层次结构模型,并采用层次分析法（ AHP）进行指标权值计算。根据定量指标易于量化的特征,构建了对标函数,完成了定量指标能效指数的计算。从而实现对配电网设备的能效评估。并以某实际的配电变压器算例验证了所提方法的实用性和有效性。     

基于攻、防的信息系统安全综合评估方法的研究

从系统攻击和防护两个角度提出了一种对信息系统进行综合评估的模型。攻击方面,采用了CVE标准,通过关联规则算法和漏洞关联网络模型,实现了对系统漏洞威胁度的定量评估。防护方面,以 GB/T22239-2008作为评估依据,提出“信息”为信息系统的最小单位,利用层次分析法和三维评估模型,通过信息性和安全性对信息系统进行定制化的安全防护评估,简化了信息系统资产的评估。综合评估模型基于攻、防的评估结果,实现了系统综合安全定量分析、系统漏洞关联危害分析和安全防护短板分析。最后运用此模型对某学校信息系统进行评估,实例结果表明,基于信息系统攻、防的综合安全评估模型实现了对信息系统安全客观、科学、全面的量化评估。