某超限底框砌体结构抗震加固设计

对于平面规则的超限底框砌体建筑,该文提出改变结构体系加固法,通过在局部墙体增设钢筋网片混凝土面层,局部设置混凝土剪力墙和框架柱,部分墙体在楼层处增设钢拉梁,形成广义框架-核心筒结构,不仅满足抗震要求,而且最大限度减少入户施工。该方法可为同类工程提供借鉴和参考。     

Sustainability assessment of dwellings – a comparison of methodologies

Building sustainability assessment tools (BSATs) aim to promote and rank the sustainability of building stock. This paper makes a deep comparative analysis on how dwellings are evaluated by five BSAT and one performance-based design tool. The comparison is based on: (i) the purpose of assessment; (ii) sustainability dimensions considered; (iii) indicators addressed; (iv) life cycle phases considered by the indicators; (v) type of indicators; (vi) measurements; (vii) aggregation processes; and (vii) life cycle phases during which the assessment was carried out. The evaluation showed that the scope of BSAT varies significantly as well as the life cycle phases addressed in the assessment. Financial issues are often excluded from the assessment. None of the schemes is totally quantitative or qualitative in their measurement system; all have different types of indicators and different ways to assess them. This research provides researchers and stakeholders with important inside knowledge on the tools that allow the development and construction of more sustainable buildings.     

Optimum model extent for numerical simulation of tunnel inflow in fractured rock

The objective of this study is the introduction of an optimum model extent in discontinuous rock masses for tunnel inflow assessment using numerical models. Tunnel groundwater inflow is an important problem in tunneling, and numerical simulation is widely used for estimating the amount of tunnel inflow. An adequate size of the model domain is of very high importance when using such models. On the one hand, if the tunnel boundary is too close to the outer model boundary, the simulated inflow rate into the tunnel is significantly overestimated (which will be shown in the present study). On the other hand, if the model domain is very large, models may become “unhandy”, and simulations become very expensive with respect to computer memory and CPU. In this technical note, an approach is presented that derives an optimum model extent for numerical simulation of tunnel inflow in fractured rock. The approach uses the two-dimensional universal distinct element code (UDEC). The impact of different model parameters, such as tunnel radius, groundwater level, joint spacing, joint dip/dip direction and joint aperture on the optimum model extent has been evaluated. Based on the results, an optimum model extent chart is presented that allows modelers a quick determination of the optimum model extent as a function of the most significant parameters, which are the tunnel depth under the groundwater level, tunnel radius and joint spacing.     

数字电视的离散余弦变换编码算法

在图像信息的传递中,常用到离散余弦(DCT)编码.讨论了DCT编码的基本算法,并以8×8DCT变换矩阵为例来说明问题,特别是对图像信号奇异值分解的数学原理及其特性给出了较为详尽的解,并指出用光栅扫描顺序测算各块的标准差过程中,当块标准差小于设定值时,可采用DCT编码.     

美国AISC《建筑和桥梁钢结构应用标准法规》介绍(Ⅱ)

2000年3月7日美国钢结构协会(AISC)和AISC规范委员会正式批准发布《建筑和桥梁钢结构应用标准法规》。该法规是一个指导性标准,本文对这一法规进行了介绍。本文是第二部分。     

混凝土结构设计规范若干问题的讨论

鉴于钢筋混凝土双向板塑性铰线理论和条带法已足可满足设计需要,设计规范没必要再提出弯矩调幅法。结合工程设计与施工的实际情况,分析讨论了双向板与单向板的分界、梁侧面腰筋的设置、柱拉筋勾住封闭箍筋、按简支计算的梁端上部构造钢筋设置、板筋在端部与混凝土梁或混凝土墙整体浇筑的锚固长度以及环境类别与保护层厚度的确定等问题,提出了自己的观点。     

Net pressures on the roof of a low-rise building with wall openings

This paper deals with an investigation of the characteristics of net pressures on two significant roof areas of a low-rise building with two different dominant wall openings. Wind tunnel boundary layer studies were conducted on a corner and a gable-end roof area of a 1:50 geometric scale model of the Texas Tech University (TTU) test building with a corner and a central wall opening. Mean and peak pressure coefficients, RMS values for the pressure coefficient fluctuations about their mean, as well as roof external pressure—internal pressure correlation coefficients were obtained for the entire 360° wind azimuth range. Frequency domain studies were also conducted for a few selected point roof pressure situations from which the frequency-dependent roof external pressure—internal pressure phase difference functions, root coherence functions and the spectral density functions were obtained. The results show that the mean, RMS and peak net pressure coefficients are particularly enhanced relative to the coefficients for the roof external pressure in the ±50° wind range. Zero-time-lag correlation coefficients of up to −0.64 were obtained in agreement with results from past studies, while root coherence values of up to 0.7 were also recorded. It is demonstrated that the provisions of both the Australian/New Zealand wind loading code—the AS/NZS1170.2:2002, and the American wind loading code—the ASCE7-02, are sometimes non-conservative in the prediction of mean and peak net roof pressure coefficients. These are believed to be due to non-conservative internal pressure coefficients allowed for in these codes.     

对法国钢筋机械连接技术标准的应用研究

对法国钢筋机械连接规范和镦粗直螺纹Fe500高强钢筋连接在阿尔及利亚国家体育场的实施应用进行了介绍,可为我国钢筋机械连接技术与产品在其他国家和地区的推广应用提供参考和借鉴。     

民用建筑走道设置排烟设施限定条件的探讨

基于工程实践,对相关规范和设计手册中涉及的民用建筑走道设置排烟设施的限定条件的内容进行了对比,详细分析了各个文献中表述的涵义及优缺点,并在此基础上给出了作者的阐述。     

大理岩脆–延–塑转换特性的细观模拟研究

 针对锦屏深埋大理岩峰后变形破坏的脆–延–塑转换特性,采用颗粒流程序(PFC)中的簇单元模型(CPM)对其进行细观模拟研究。经过对室内试验结果的反复模拟校准,获得描述锦屏深埋大理岩力学性质的一组细观物理力学性质参数。模型试验结果表明：试样的一系列宏观力学表现,包括弹性模量、泊松比、单轴与启裂抗压强度、应力–应变曲线、峰值与残余强度包络线、拉压强度比以及破坏形态等均与锦屏深埋大理岩的试验结果具有良好的一致性。对不同围压下裂纹发育规律的研究表明：不同应力状态下细观裂纹发育特征的显著差异是导致大理岩的变形破坏出现脆–延–塑转换特性的主要原因;张性裂纹的大量发育决定介质的脆性破坏模式,而剪切裂纹数目的快速增长则促使介质由脆性破坏模式逐渐向延–塑性破坏模式转换。