Characteristic of filamentous fungal diversity and dynamics associated with wheat Qu and the traditional fermentation of Chinese rice wine

Chinese rice wine, a traditional alcoholic beverage, is fermented from steamed rice with a starter culture of wheat Qu which is either inoculated spontaneously with various microorganisms in natural environment or inoculated artificially with certain microorganisms. The diversity of filamentous fungi in wheat Qu and the fermentation mashes of Chinese rice wine was studied by high‐throughput sequencing. The results indicated that filamentous fungi varied in wheat Qu and fermentation periods. Moreover, Aspergillus was the dominant filamentous fungi at genus levels. On that basis, quantitative real‐time PCR was used to quantify some dominant Aspergillus species. It was found that Aspergillus species in wheat Qu were more abundant than that in various fermentation mashes and continually decreased until the end of rice wine fermentation. Furthermore, it was found that different organic acids were produced by microorganisms at different fermentation stages might due to the changes of oxygen and nutrient content.     

Applications of HPLC/MS in the analysis of traditional Chinese medicines

In China.traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been used in clinical applications for thousands of years.The successful hyphenation of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectro...     

Confucian ecological vision and the Chinese eco-city

“Living in harmony with nature” is the slogan of the Chinese government’s campaign against the environmental crisis and has become the target of many mega eco-city projects which have emerged in China during the last decade. A number of papers in Chinese journals attribute this slogan to the government’s revival of the Confucian ecological vision, combined with western technology. This paper first compares the concept of nature in these mega eco-cities and the Confucian concept of tianrenheyi, the unity of Heaven and Humanity, suggesting that the human–nature relationship in eco-cities is essentially a consumer–commodity relationship, which is void of the sacredness or moral association of the human–nature relationship in the unity of Heaven and Humanity. Secondly, drawing on the theory of ecology and interconnected systems and noting that the failure of eco-city projects lies in the separation of the eco-city from the city itself, I suggest that the eco-city’s approach of taking nature as a guinea pig of technology in a “vacuum space” is quite opposite to the Confucian idea of the unity of Heaven and Humanity which emphasizes the interconnectedness of all inorganic and organic forms. In conclusion, I evoke Wang Shu’s practice of sustainable architecture to illustrate a more authentic, up-to-date interpretation of the Confucian ecological vision—investigating the relational reality, developing one’s moral nature and cultural intuition.     

由怀晋庄园设计浅谈中国园林文化

园林是人们用自己的双手创造风景的一种艺术。由于各民族、各地区人们对风景的不同理解和偏爱,也就出现了不同风格的园林。中国园林,有着悠久的历史,它那"虽由人作,宛自天开"的艺术原则,熔传统建筑、文学、书画、雕刻和工艺等艺术于一炉的综合特性,在世界园林史上独树一帜,享有很高的地位。     

体现学科特色高校校园规划设计探讨

通过对天津中医药大学新校区规划设计实践的研究与整理,从中获取有益经验,从功能、空间、文化、景观等方面对新时期体现学科特色高校校园的规划设计进行论述与探讨,以期建成具有中国传统中医药特色的新时代高校校园。     

Ethyl carbamate formation regulated by ornithine transcarbamylase and urea metabolism in the processing of Chinese yellow rice wine

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a potential carcinogenic compound present in most of the fermented foods. In this work, EC was inhibited through different strategies during vinification of Chinese yellow rice wine. EC can be inhibited by the use of ornithine in contrast to the control at peak point. However, the utilisation of urease resulted in little inhibitive effect on EC. The comparative data of intracellular ornithine transcarbamylase (OTCase) and arginine deiminase (ADI) among four experiments showed that EC was positively regulated by intracellular OTCase, but ADI was not determined. Extracellular urea and citrulline content was significantly increased by adding ornithine (P < 0.05), whereas ethanol played a minor role in EC formation. The correlation analysis between EC and OTCase or urea revealed a linear association (correlation coefficients above 0.8). These findings suggested that OTCase may be a required factor regulating EC formation during the brewing of Chinese yellow rice wine.     

All orthogonal arrays with 18 runs

All combinatorially inequivalent orthogonal arrays with 18 runs and eight or less factors are generated. Their potential as practical experimental designs is evaluated by a classification using generalized word‐length patterns of the original arrays and those of their projections into less factors. Arrays of special interest are given explicitly. This paper includes the statistical analysis of results from a real‐life experiment based on one of the arrays. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.