Partial Label Learning via Conditional-Label-Aware Disambiguation

Partial label learning is a weakly supervised learning framework in which each instance is associated with multiple candidate labels,among which only one is the ground-truth label.This paper proposes a unified formulation that employs proper label constraints for training models while simultaneously performing pseudo-labeling.Unlike existing partial label learning approaches that only leverage similarities in the feature space without utilizing label constraints,our pseudo-labeling process leverages similarities and differences in the feature space using the same candidate label constraints and then disambiguates noise labels.Extensive experiments on artificial and real-world partial label datasets show that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art counterparts on classification prediction.     

基于大规模语料库的古文词典构建及分词技术研究

古文献的研究有助于传统文化的继承与发扬,而古文分词则是利用自然语言处理技术对古文献进行分析的重要环节.当前互联网拥有大量古汉语文本和词典方面的数据资料,该文提出利用互联网大规模古文语料构建古文基础词典;进而通过互信息、信息熵、位置成词概率多特征融合的新词发现方法从大规模古籍文本中建立候补词典;最终将基础词典与候补词典融...     

沙棘叶提取物的体外抗氧化及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制能力

以沙棘叶为原料,以DPPH?清除能力、总还原力为指标,评估沙棘叶提取物的体外抗氧化活性,并以沙棘叶提取物对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制能力为指标,考察其成为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的潜力。研究结果表明：5种不同乙醇体积分数的（40%、50%、60%、70%、80%）沙棘叶提取物均有较好的抗氧化活性与对乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制能力。以60%乙醇提取的沙棘叶提取物的DPPH?清除率、总还原力及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制能力最强,分别为（85.80±1.39）%,3.06±0.18,（97.14±0.809）%,可作为抗氧化剂与乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂。筛选后的沙棘叶提取物对乙酰胆碱酯酶有较强的抑制能力,半数抑制质量浓度（IC50）值为（1.086±0.144）mg/mL,并且根据酶的抑制动力学分析得出对乙酰胆碱酯酶是竞争性大于非竞争性的混合可逆抑制类型。AutoDock分子对接结果也表明,沙棘叶活性成分与乙酰胆碱酯酶具有一定的对接亲和力。剂效相关性分析表明沙棘叶提取物的抗氧化、酶抑制活性与功能成分之间均存在良好的正相关性（P<0.05）,沙棘叶提取物中起主要抗氧化与酶抑制作用的成分为多酚类化合物.     

产品CMF设计审美评价模型研究

目的 对产品外观设计的审美偏好本质与规律进行分析,探索产品外观设计的审美评价方式与评估方法,建立产品CMF设计的审美评价模型。方法 首先,基于产品美学研究文献梳理产品CMF设计的审美评价维度;其次,结合问卷调查和人物访谈进行消费者审美偏好要素调研,探索审美评价指标并进行权重分析;最后,依据模糊评价法进行评价模型的构建,完善评价模型界面。结果 提出产品CMF设计的感知、认知和社交3个审美评价维度,多样性、统一性、典型性、新颖性、独特性、连通性6个要素,以及25个评价指标,并根据评价指标权重分析构建产品CMF设计的“Aesthetics-PCS”评价模型。结论 通过评价模型助力产品设计的方案筛选过程,设计师能更好地理解消费者的审美偏好并做出相应的设计,从而提高产品的市场竞争力。     

中文药品知识库的研究与构建

分类体系完善、药品信息全面的药品知识库能够为临床决策以及临床合理用药提供依据和支持。该文以国内的多个医药资源作为参考和数据来源,建立了药品库知识描述体系和分类体系,对药品进行标准化分类并形成详细的知识描述,构建了多来源的中文药品知识库(Chinese Medicine Knowledge Base, CMKB)。所构建的CMKB的分类包括27种一级类别和119种二级类别,从药品的适应证、用法用量等多个层面对14 141种药品进行描述并采用BiLSTM-CRF和T-BiLSTM-CRF模型将非结构化描述中的疾病实体进行了信息抽取,形成了对药品属性的结构化信息抽取,建立了药品实体与自动抽取的疾病实体之间的知识关联。所构建的CMKB能够与中文医学知识图谱进行连接,扩充药品信息,并能够为智能诊断和医疗问答等提供知识基础。     

中文医疗文本中的嵌套实体识别方法

实体识别是信息抽取的关键技术. 相较于普通文本, 中文医疗文本的实体识别任务往往面对大量的嵌套实体. 以往识别实体的方法往往忽视了医疗文本本身所特有的实体嵌套规则而直接采用序列标注方法, 为此, 提出一种融合实体嵌套规则的中文实体识别方法. 所提方法在训练过程中将实体的识别任务转化为实体的边界识别与边界首尾关系识别的联合训练任务, 在解码过程中结合从实际医疗文本中所总结出来的实体嵌套规则对解码结果进行过滤, 从而使得识别结果能够符合实际文本中内外层实体嵌套组合的组成规律. 在公开的医疗文本实体识别的实验上取得良好的效果. 数据集上的实验表明, 所提方法在嵌套类型实体识别性能上显著优于已有的方法, 在整体准确率方面比最先进的方法提高0.5%.     

论大学生正义感的培育

当前,在社会、家庭、学校以及自身多方面因素的作用下,部分大学生的正义感呈缺失状态,这与时代的要求背道而驰.大学生作为未来社会的中坚力量,他们的正义感如何直接关系到民族的凝聚力和国家秩序.正视大学生正义感缺失的现实,分析大学生正义感缺失的原因,进而探索大学生正义感培育的途径,成为高校一个刻不容缓的课题.     

认知参照点模型在英语教学中的应用

文章尝试用兰盖克的认知参照点模型解释中英文中一些存在差异的表达方式,并结合学生在中学物理学习中参照物的概念,分析了怎样引导学生理解英语中不符合中文表达习惯的句子.     

Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Chinese food obtained from the central area of China

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from Chinese food, including frozen dumplings, flavored raw meat, roasted meat, braised meat, and a cold vegetable dish with sauce. A total of 900 food samples were collected from supermarkets, open-air markets, and delicatessens in three large cities in the central area of China to examine the presence of L. monocytogenes; 21 (2.3%) of the samples were positive for this pathogen. Among the different samples, braised meat showed the highest L. monocytogenes detection rate (4.4%). Samples obtained from delicatessens showed a much higher L. monocytogenes contamination rate (8.3%) than those from open-air markets (6.7%) or supermarkets (0%). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis indicated that the 21 bacterial isolates belonged to 12 ST subgroups. ST5 was the largest and contained 7 isolates (33.3%); it was followed by ST474, ST121 and ST9 (each containing 2 isolates [10.5%]). Antibiotic susceptibility analysis showed that the 21 L. monocytogenes isolates were thoroughly resistant to cefoxitin but highly susceptible to doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. The presence of 10 virulence genes was evaluated by PCR, which showed that inlA, inlC, inlJ, prfA, hlyA, and plcB were present in all isolates and that inlB, actA, plcA and iap were present in 71.4–90.5% of the isolates. This study provides a useful reference for risk assessment and control of L. monocytogenes contamination in Chinese food and for the treatment of clinical listeriosis.     

The Avenue of Sphinxes： Restoration of a Legend

The redevelopment of historic cities is often challenged by intricate--and in many cases contradictory--missions. From one side, there is the urge to comprehensively preserve cultural resources. At the same time, opportunities of economic growth should be made available and needs of contemporary living maintained and nourished. The main aim of this paper is to reconcile probable incompatibilities between such missions through promoting ＂sensitive＂ redevelopment approaches in historic cities. The paper focuses on the city of Luxor, Egypt with its immensely capturing yet quite undermined legend： the Avenue of Sphinxes. In Luxor, the injection of nonintrusive interventions presents itself as a highly potential candidate in protecting and enhancing the experience of the avenue while meeting contemporary needs of living. Adopting less sensitive development approaches can lead the quality of experiencing the whole city to be worsened for the increasing numbers of tourists and locals.