Consumption,intake patterns,and exposure

Despite the wide public and scientific interest in antioxidant nutrients and their roles in disease prevention, limited data are available to assess population consumption, individuals’ intake patterns, and trends in exposure. This article reviews data on levels of these nutrients in the food supply, intake patterns from food and supplement use derived from national surveys, and trends in exposure. The food supply and intake data indicate that levels of vitamins E and C and the carotenoids in the diet have increased since the 1970s, but the increases are not consistent among all age groups. Dietary supplements make a major contribution to intakes of vitamins E and C. Nutrient and nonnutrient antioxidants added to the food supply do not contribute appreciably to antioxidant exposure. Groups at high risk of poor dietary intakes of antioxidant nutrients are the poor, tobacco users, nonsupplement users, and the elderly, especially those living alone.     

Influence of patterned electrode geometry on performance of co-planar,single-chamber,solid oxide fuel cell

Co-planar, single-chamber, solid oxide fuel cells (SC-SOFCs) with linearly patterned electrode structures on one surface of the electrolyte are fabricated via a robo-dispensing method. The SC-SOFCs with various electrode patterns are prepared to investigate the relationship between electrode geometry and cell performance. The open-circuit voltage (OCV) for cells with a single electrode pair is unaffected by the anode-to-cathode distance. By contrast, for cells with multiple electrode pairs, increasing the number of electrode pairs leads to a gradual decrease in OCV. These observations confirm that the inter-mixing of product gases causes a loss in OCV and power density, which in turn reduces the oxygen partial pressure gradient between the anode and cathode. Keeping the electrode pairs apart by ∼4 mm permits cells with complex electrode geometry to exhibit higher OCVs and power densities.     

朝阳沟油田朝55区块井网加密研究

井网加密是油田开发调整过程中最重要的措施之一,所采用的井网是否合理直接影响到最终采收率的大小。从朝阳沟油田朝55区块加密前实际生产状况出发,分析了其开发效果差的根本原因,为得出适合本区块的加密方式,首先计算出满足低渗透油藏开发纲要的合理井数比,在此基础上应用数值模拟方法设计出不同的加密方案,结合现场实际加密效果,最后得出＂3,2,1＂加密为理想加密方式的结论。该结论对朝阳沟油田其他区块的加密工作有指导意义。     

聚驱后井网滞留区剩余油挖潜方式研究

根据试验区的动、静态数据,首先用Petrel地质建模软件建立试验区相控地质模型,然后应用CMG软件中的STARS模块进行数值模拟,在水驱阶段和聚驱阶段历史拟合的基础上,分析了聚驱后剩余油分布特征,针对聚驱后剩余油主要分布在聚驱井网分流线处的特征,选择组合轮换式周期注采方式,对分流线处的剩余油进行挖潜;设计了组合轮换式注采周期分别为4个月、6个月、8个月和10个月4种方案,对4种方案的剩余油挖潜效果进行预测。结果表明．聚驱后剩余油主要分布在聚驱井网分流线处,选择组合轮换式周期注采方式挖潜分流线处的剩余油,注采周期为6个月开采时,阶段采出程度为O．98％,净收益为1707．40万元,吨聚增油量为31．41t／t,投入与产出比为1：2．29,通过开发指标对比和经济效果评价,确定此方案为最佳方案。     

Wake patterns of flow past a pair of circular cylinders in side-by-side arrangements at low Reynolds numbers

A flow past two side-by-side identical circular cylinders was numerically investigated with the unstructured spectral element method. From the computational results at various non-dimensional distances between cylinder centers T/D and the Reynolds number Re, a total of nine kinds of wake patterns were observed: four steady wake patterns, including single bluff-body steady pattern, separated double-body steady pattern and transition steady pattern for sub-critical Reynolds numbers and biased steady pattern for super-critical Reynolds numbers, and five unsteady wake patterns, including single bluff-body periodic pattern, biased quasi-steady pattern, quasi-periodic (flip-flopping) pattern, in-phase-synchronized pattern and anti-phase-synchronized pattern. Time evolution of lift and drag coefficients corresponding to each unsteady wake pattern was given.     

松辽盆地断裂纵向导流性浅析

将松辽盆地的地层纵向分为：浅部处于未成岩或早成岩阶段的砂泥岩,为疏松地层;中部处于早成岩晚期到晚成岩中期阶段的泥质岩、砂质岩,泥质岩为塑性地层,砂质岩为脆性地层;深部成岩作用深于晚成岩中期阶段的沉积岩及基岩,为脆性地层。疏松地层本身对流体纵向渗流没有封闭性,其中的断裂对油气运移也不起作用。塑性地层中断裂的活动性控制其导流性,活动期发生断移时,流体以涌流方式沿瞬间开启的断裂向上喷射,断裂停止活动即对流体形成纵向封闭。脆性地层中断裂带是否经历改造作用是影响其导流性的关键因素,若因同期改造作用（松辽盆地主要表现为泥质岩填充和涂抹）或后期改造作用（矿化和再成岩作用）而致密,大多对流体纵向运移形成封闭,否则一般成为流体长期纵向运移的通道,流体沿断裂带向上近似直线渗流。中部地层有大量砂泥岩薄互层段,若泥质岩比例高,断裂导流性近于塑性地层;若砂质岩比例高,流体沿断裂两侧砂岩层折曲渗流。结合松辽盆地地层特点和成岩演化程度,建立了盆地断裂纵向导流模式。照片５图１参７（梁大新摘）     

河型成因研究及其应用

大水淤滩刷槽、小水淤槽、河性对河型就在这对相互矛盾过程的相互交替、相互抵消、相互消长中形成。演化。前者导向好河，后者导向坏河。两者的强弱对比，就是河性河型差异的总根据。可用来水来沙关系的ｍ值来表达这种对比，ｍ〉２．５的将形成单股窄深蠕动性河型，ｍ〈２．５的则形成多宽浅游荡河型。改变来水来沙关系的ｍ值，大水淤滩刷槽、小水淤槽过程的强弱地经也就改变，河性河型逐步改变。这就是调水调沙、改造河性的真谛。将     

Integrating Lo cal Binary Patterns into Normalized Moment of Inertia for Up dating Tracking Templates

This paper presents an e?cient visual tracking framework which is robust to rotation, scale vari-ation and occlusion. The target template is characterized by Local binary patterns (LBP), which exhibit invariance to rotation. The LBP features are then integrated into the Normalized moment of inertia (NMI) to decide whether the template requires update. This procedure enables an adaptive tem plate m atching strategy which addresses the tracking failures arising from scale variations. Kalman fil-tering is exploited for predicting the tra jectory of the tar-get when it is occluded. The matching e?ciency is achieved by applying a locally pyramid searching scheme. Experi-m ental results validate the e?ciency and effectiveness of our tracking framework.     

Coding procedures to analyse interaction patterns in educational web forums

Analysis of interaction patterns is one of the most important indicators of quality of learning in educational web forums. Social network analysis (SNA) is gradually assuming importance in the study of interaction patterns as it focuses on the analysis of the interrelationships between individuals, thus providing a holistic perspective on group performance. However, most of the studies that use SNA in computer-supported collaborative learning scenarios derive their data from server log files, on the assumption that this data source reflects the way people really interacted online. This study, the purpose of which is to better understand the communication flows that really occur among users, challenges these assumptions through an experimental study that makes a comparison between the structural method normally used to detect the posting addressees and an approach enriched with semantic coding. Results show that this new coding schema, if compared with traditional structural coding, detected a greater number of addressees, thus allowing a greater number of postings to be included in an SNA adjacency matrix.     

手机装饰纹样之“形、色、质”探析

从手机装饰纹样的形、色、质出发,探究现代人类对时尚文化的理解与认识,寻找数字化时代新的设计语言、符号和范式,为其他电子产品装饰设计提供参考依据。