β-Ni3Nb相单个平移畴界的相干电子微衍射研究

本文采用ＨＦ－２０００ＦＥＧ电镜对Ｚｈａｎｇ等＾「７」已经用ＨＲ－ＴＥＭ高分辨技术研究的β－Ｎｉ３Ｎｂ相的几种单个平移畴界进行了相干电子微衍射研究,不但对已发现Ｒ１＝「１／２,０,０」和Ｒ２＝１／４「１０２」型平移畴界进行了微衍射分析,而且发现了Ｒ５＝「１／４,１／２,０．８１」型平移畴界。     

Bifunctional Porous NiFe/NiCo2O4/Ni Foam Electrodes with Triple Hierarchy and Double Synergies for Efficient Whole Cell Water Splitting

A 3D hierarchical porous catalyst architecture based on earth abundant metals Ni, Fe, and Co has been fabricated through a facile hydrothermal and electrodeposition method for efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrode is comprised of three levels of porous structures including the bottom supermacroporous Ni foam (≈500 μm) substrate, the intermediate layer of vertically aligned macroporous NiCo₂O₄ nanoflakes (≈500 nm), and the topmost NiFe(oxy)hydroxide mesoporous nanosheets (≈5 nm). This hierarchical architecture is binder‐free and beneficial for exposing catalytic active sites, enhancing mass transport and accelerating dissipation of gases generated during water electrolysis. Serving as an anode catalyst, the designed hierarchical electrode displays excellent OER catalytic activity with an overpotential of 340 mV to achieve a high current density of 1200 mA cm^?2. Serving as a cathode catalyst, the catalyst exhibits excellent performance toward HER with a moderate overpotential of 105 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm^?2. Serving as both anode and cathode catalysts in a two‐electrode water electrolysis system, the designed electrode only requires a potential of 1.67 V to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm^?2 and exhibits excellent durability in prolonged bulk alkaline water electrolysis.     

NURBS曲面重构与点云-曲面误差分析

通过对某汽车零件进行光栅扫描、解相和去包裹处理,获取物体三维点云数据,对点云数据进行降噪、精简和网格化处理。然后根据点云曲率分布云图将点云数据分割成11块区域,首先对A区域点云数据进行曲面拟合,生成4×4阶均匀曲面,然后对其余分块点云数据分别进行曲面拟合,最后通过曲面延伸、拼接、倒角、修剪等处理,获取物体NURBS自由曲面,总体点云-曲面误差为0.2645 mm,并且曲面间符合G1相切连续和法向曲率连续,解决了在曲率较大的地方拟合误差较大的问题,提高了曲面的重构精度。     

Unveiling the Synergy of Interfacial Contact and Defects in α-Fe2O3 for Enhanced Photo-Electrochemical Water Splitting

Photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising method for converting solar energy into clean energy, but the mechanism of improving PEC efficiency through the interfacial contact and defect strategy remains highly controversial. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and oxygen vacancies are introduced into α-Fe₂O₃ nanorod (NR) arrays using a simple spin-coating method and acid treatment. The resultant oxygen vacancy–α-Fe₂O₃/rGO-integrated system exhibits a higher photocurrent, four times than the pristine α-Fe₂O₃. It is well evidenced that the electronic interface interaction between α-Fe₂O₃ and rGO is boosted with the oxygen vacancies, facilitating electron transfer from α-Fe₂O₃ to rGO. Moreover, the oxygen vacancies not only create interband states in α-Fe₂O₃ that can trap photogenerated holes and thus facilitate charge separation but significantly also strengthen the adsorption of oxidative intermediates and reduce the energy barrier of rate-determining step during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This study demonstrates an rGO–oxygen vacancy synergistic interfacial contact and defect modification approach to design semiconducting photocatalysts for high-efficiency solar energy capture and conversion. The generated principle is expected to be extendable to another material system.     

Modulation of Electron Structure and Dehydrogenation Kinetics of Nickel Phosphide for Hydrazine-Assisted Self-Powered Hydrogen Production in Seawater

The electrocatalytic production of hydrogen from seawater provides a low-cost way to realize energy conversion, but is restricted by high potential for seawater electrolysis and the chlorine oxidation reaction (ClOR) at the anode. Here, the self-growth of Mo-doped Ni₂P nanosheet arrays with rich P vacancies on molybdenum-nickel foam (MNF) (Mo-Ni₂P_v@MNF) is reported as bifunctional catalyst for Cl-free hydrogen production by coupling hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in seawater. Impressively, the Mo-Ni₂P_v@MNF electrode as bifunctional catalyst has an excellent activity for overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) with an ultralow voltage of only 571 mV at 1000 mA cm⁻² and can maintain stability for an ultra-long time of 1000 h at 100 mA cm⁻². Moreover, integration of OHzS into self-assembled hydrazine fuel cells (DHzFC) or solar cells can enable the self-powered H₂ production. The industrial hydrazine sewage as feed for the above eletrolysis system can be degraded to ≈5 ppb rapidly. Density functional thoery calculations demonstrate that the electronic structure modulation induced by P vacancies and Mo doping can not only achieve thermoneutral ΔG_H* for hydrogen evolution reaction but also enhance dehydrogenation kinetics from *N₂H₄ to *NHNH₂ for HzOR, achieving enhanced dehydrogenation kinetics.     

类W-势阱与应变超晶格量子阱的带间跃迁

假设量子阱是类W-势阱,应变效应表现为势阱底部出现了类抛物线鼓包。在量子力学框架下,讨论了应变效应对输出波长的影响。结果表明,在应变作用下,量子阱出现了能级分裂,正是这种分裂为高性能量子阱光学器件的研制提供了更大的设计空间,为量子阱激光器件输出波长的调节提供了理论基础。     

单元式偏光分束棱镜分束角和光强分束比

为了研究单元式偏光分束棱镜分束角和光强分束比与棱镜结构的关系,采用从理论上分析o光、e光的分束角和光强分束比与光轴取向、棱镜结构角及入射角的关系,并从实验上测量分束角和光强分束比随入射角变化的方法,进行了理论分析和实验验证,取得了分束角和光强分束比随光轴取向、棱镜结构角及入射角的变化关系的数学表达式,并得到了二者随入射角变化的实验数据。结果表明,在误差所允许的范围内,实验所测的光强分束比和分束角随入射角的变化与理论计算是一致的,且分束角的变化约为入射角的1/2。     

基于互信息量的关键帧全局优化提取方法

关键帧提取技术是视频分析和检索的关键技术之一。提出一种基于互信息量的关键帧提取的新方法,把关键帧提取问题建模为一个多目标规划数学模型,可以同时解决提取关键帧的数量和位置两个主要问题。并且采用了图像信息熵和互信息量作为特征参数参与启发式算法的评价函数,可快速有效地进行子镜头的分割和关键帧的提取。实验证明该方法能较好地提取出视频序列的关键帧。     

Core–Shell Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen is a promising solution for the conversion and storage of solar energy. Because sluggish water oxidation is the bottleneck of water splitting, the design and preparation of an efficient photoanode is intensively investigated. Currently, all known photoanode materials suffer from at least one of the following drawbacks: ① low carriers separation efficiency; ② sluggish surface water oxidation reaction; ③ poor long-term stability; ④ insufficient water adsorption and gas desorption. Core–shell configurations can endow a photoanode with improved activity and stability by coating an overlayer that plays energetic, catalytic, and/or protective roles. The construction strategy has an important effect on the activity of a core–shell photoanode. Nonetheless, the mechanism for the improvement of performance is still ambiguous and is worthy of a closer examination. In this review, the successes and challenges of core–shell photoanodes for water oxidation, focusing on synthesis strategies as well as functionalities (facilitating carrier separation, surface reaction promotion, corrosion prevention, and bubble detachment) are explored. Finally, the perspectives of this class of materials in terms of new opportunities and efforts are discussed.