ICTs and radio in Africa: How the uptake of ICT has influenced the newsroom culture among community radio journalists

This article highlights the influence that new ICTs and Computer Mediated Communication is having on the newsroom cultures among community radio journalists in Africa, especially the use of mobile phones and the internet. The discussion is based on findings from a research study that investigated the impact of ICTs on community radio using regional case studies from three African countries – Mozambique, Uganda, and Mali. We argue that the integration of ICTs impacted journalism practice positively as it improved information gathering, processing, distribution, storage, and engagement with the communities, particularly through the use of mobile phones and the internet. However, the synergy with rural community radios that tend to be located in remote areas is yet to be felt in the three countries. While the community radio stations in semi-urban areas or those situated in areas with fairly good infrastructure have better capacity for integration of ICTs and their sustainability, the rural-based community radio stations are greatly inhibited in their integration of new ICT due to lack of the electricity or regular power supply, the high fees charged by the service providers (internet and telephone), as well as the high cost for the ICT equipment, maintenance expenses and operational costs. The article calls for more support for infrastructural development to rural-based community radio stations to close the rural–urban gap and to enable the journalists working there to benefit from ICT integration like their counterparts in the semi-urban and urban community radios.     

连续电流TIG焊熔池图像的低成本自动化检测

改进了普通CCD摄像机镜头，使物距、放大倍数的调节范围进一步扩大。通过试验和统计的方法，调整物距、光圈、快门等光学参数，增大景深，提高对比度，拍摄出了分辨率较高的熔池图像。对大量的焊接熔池图像进行了分析，根据图像的特点，设计出了不需要滤波的图像边缘检测算法，检测出了连续电流TIG焊接熔池的整个边缘。与激光频闪视觉检测仪拍摄的熔池图像进行了对比，结果表明该低成本自动化检测装置所拍摄的熔池图像也达到了较高的清晰度与对比度。     

Challenging the system: The role of community choice aggregation in California’s transition to a renewable energy future

There has been a rapid adoption of Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) programs in California. CCAs allow communities to choose their electricity supply through a locally-controlled public agency, disrupting the electric power sector as part of an energy transition. An analysis of how stakeholders in Sonoma and San Diego counties have pursued the implementation of CCAs is conducted through interviews. The findings demonstrate how macro-level pressures created opportunities for niche policies to be developed and challenge the utility-centered electricity model.     

优势视角下的农村社区跨地域再组织

在中国,基于"基层群众自治"的要求,社区的概念更多强调其地理/行政边界的明确性。在农村地区,青壮年到外地学习工作,户籍却还保留在本地的现象十分普遍,对于农村社区边界的确定提出了新的挑战。本文通过简要回顾社区概念的本土化历程,分析和借鉴国外成功经验,结合宝兴县曹家村的灾后重建实践,基于优势视角的工作方法,对中国乡村的社区组织方式进行了新的探索。     

Analyzing CRA Lending During the Tsunami in Subprime Lending and Foreclosure in the Philadelphia MSA

Until the onset of the financial meltdown, independent mortgage companies (IMCs) had begun to originate an increasing share of subprime loans, a high proportion of which went into foreclosure. In this study, we compare and contrast the characteristics of neighborhoods that have high proportions of loans made by Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-regulated institutions with those that have high proportions made by IMCs. We find that IMC-dominated neighborhoods are characterized by high proportions of Blacks/African-Americans, low average family incomes and low nominal average family income increases, an old housing stock with inexpensive homes, a low homeownership rate, high vacancy rates, and a high proportion of high-cost loans. Based on t-tests and regression analyses, we find that areas dominated by IMCs are different from neighborhoods dominated by CRA Lenders and that the proportion of people of color helps explain foreclosure rates.     

高精度挤压机中线同轴度实时检测系统研究

针对目前挤压机挤压中心检测系统精度低、实时性差的问题,设计了一套以PSD(位置敏感探测器)为偏移检测元件的挤压机中线同轴度检测系统,介绍了检测系统的总体方案,建立了同轴度检测的数学模型,阐述了基于镜头成像的偏移检测系统及采用同时采集、打包传输方式的数据传输系统的基本原理,最后通过实验测试了检测系统的基本性能。结果表明,单个活动部件最大检测频率为4Hz,检测精度为0.2mm,重复性好,能够实现挤压机同轴度实时在线检测,提高产品质量。     

基于ＧＭＲ效应的非铁磁性金属裂纹涡流检测

为了补充常规电涡流检测在低频应用场合的不足,研究了基于巨磁电阻(giant magneto resistance,简称GMR)效应的裂纹涡流检测技术及其系统.分析了该技术的工作原理、理论基础及制约该技术应用的影响因素,设计制作了探头及信号处理电路,进行了探头的标定试验和非铁磁性金属材料微裂纹的检测试验.试验结果检验了该系统对非铁磁性金属材料裂纹的检测性能,验证了理论分析的正确性及该技术用于裂纹检测的可行性.     

Away from Wadjelas: The Significance of Urban Place for the Tkalka Boorda Aboriginal Community

Tkalka Boorda is a small Aboriginal community reserve located on the fringes of the town of Port Hedland on Western Australia's north-west coast. This paper explores why the residents choose to live in this urban enclave environment and it identifies the issues that concern them. In doing so it seeks to provide an indigenous community perspective on Aboriginal needs and aspirations of relevance to urban and regional policy, planning and implementation.     

An investigation into the circumstances surrounding fatal dwelling fires involving very young children

Examination of real-fire data has indicated that, compared to both their share in the general population and older children, very young children are at an increased risk of becoming a dwelling fire fatality; however, detailed research focused specifically on very young fire fatalities is almost non-existent. This paper presents an analysis of the circumstances surrounding fatal dwelling fires involving children aged 5 years and under which has been gleaned from coronial reports. Although fatalities among children aged 5 years and under were relatively rare, i.e. 14 during the 11 year period studied, the circumstances surrounding these deaths were similar and recurrent and it is important to understand these fully so that fire prevention efforts can be focused appropriately. This paper presents a unique insight into those circumstances and includes not only quantitative data but also detailed qualitative information gathered from the abundance of rich data within the coronial reports that, more often than not, goes unreported. The paper considers fire incident trends and the fatality's demographics, locations and behaviours, with additional focus on the home environment and warning signs such as persistent fire interest. The analysis indicates that the most common cause of fires for this age group was child fire-play (using smokers' materials), with inadequate supervision and relaxed attitudes to fire safety in the home both playing a contributory role. This paper considers these trends and discusses the implications for focusing fire prevention efforts for this age group. The findings suggest that such efforts may be best focused on parents/carers who were smokers and improving attitudes to fire safety in the home.     

常压检漏的多种示漏气体分析仪的研制

介绍了一种以四极质谱计为核心的适合在常压下检漏的多种示漏气体分析仪的结构、工作原理、设计方案、试验方法、试验结果。该仪器具有在大气压下检测Ｈｅ浓度为１×１０－９、Ｎｅ浓度为２×１０－７、ＣＦ４浓度为１×１０－９的能力。