Study of the distribution of the absorbed solar radiation on the performance of a CPC-type ICS water heater

An Integrated Collector Storage (ICS) solar water heater was designed, constructed and studied with an emphasis on its optical and thermal performance. The ICS system consists of one cylindrical horizontal tank properly mounted in a stationary symmetrical Compound Parabolic Concentrating (CPC) reflector trough. The main objective was the design and the construction of a low cost solar system with improved thermal performance based on the exploitation of the non-uniform distribution of the absorbed solar radiation on the cylindrical storage tank surface. A ray-tracing model was developed to gauge the distribution of the incoming solar radiation on the absorber surface and the results were compared with those from a theoretical optical model based on the average number of reflections. The variation of the optical efficiency as function of the incident angle of the incoming solar radiation along with its dependence on the month during annual operation of ICS system is presented. The ICS device was experimentally tested outdoors during a whole year in order to correlate the observed temperature rise and stratification of the stored water with the non-uniform distribution of the absorbed solar radiation. The results show that the upper part of the tank surface collects the larger fraction of the total absorbed solar radiation for all incident angles throughout the year. This is found to have a significant effect on the overall thermal performance of the ICS unit. In addition, the presented results can be considered important for the design and the operation of ICS systems consisting of cylindrical tank and CPC reflectors.     

塔里木盆地塔西南坳陷柯东构造带甫沙4井原油来源及充注过程

甫沙4井位于塔里木盆地塔西南坳陷昆仑山前冲断带的柯东构造带上,北部和东部分别发育有柯克亚和柯东1井油气田。为研究甫沙4井原油来源与充注过程,对原油样品和连续抽提后的含油砂样各组分（游离态、束缚态、包裹体）进行GC、GC?MS和 GC?IRMS分析,与柯克亚凝析油气田油样进行油—油对比。结果表明：甫沙4井晚期充注原油组分具有C_29?32重排藿烷、重排甾烷和Ts相对含量高,C_27?29甾烷ααα 20R分布呈反“L”型,以及正构烷烃单体碳同位素值较低等特征,与柯克亚凝析油气田来源于二叠系普司格组（P_2?3p）烃源岩的主体原油（I类）地球化学特征一致。而早期充注的原油组分具有重排藿烷、重排甾烷和Ts相对含量较低,C_27?29甾烷ααα 20R分布呈“V”型,以及正构烷烃单体碳同位素值较高等特征,与柯克亚凝析油气田来源于中—下侏罗统湖相泥岩的II类原油地球化学特征一致。甫沙4井经历3个阶段成藏过程：①在上新世,二叠系烃源岩于生油晚期阶段生成的I类原油运移至柯克亚构造带或柯东构造带深部形成油藏;②在更新世早期,侏罗系烃源岩于生油早—中期生成的II类原油运移至甫沙4井白垩系储层;③在第四纪,强烈的构造作用使深部I类原油沿断裂调整进入甫沙4井白垩系储层。最终造成甫沙4井白垩系储层II类原油先充注,I类原油后充注的特殊现象。     

过载振动复合环境下液浮积分陀螺仪误差建模与仿真

研究表明,液浮积分陀螺仪在过载振动复合环境下,因为结构变化而产生了较大的工作误差,这些误差的表现形式相当复杂,在单一环境实验中是无法体现的.本文采用有限元法对液浮积分陀螺仪在过载振动复合环境中的动力学特性进行研究,提出一种反映动力学环境下液浮积分陀螺仪结构振动特性的误差模型.设计了基于Simulink的复合环境下液浮积分陀螺仪测量误差的仿真框图.并对过载振动复合环境下液浮积分陀螺仪测量误差进行仿真,得到复合环境下液浮积分陀螺仪测量误差的规律.     

蒸汽团粒法复混肥工艺及装置的优化改造

文中介绍了采用蒸汽团粒法、尿素喷浆造粒技术生产复混肥料的工艺特点,分析了设备的改造、工艺条件的完善过程中存在问题及解决措施,收到了良好的效果.     

无机絮凝剂在油田水处理中的应用发展

简要介绍了国内外油田水处理用的无机絮凝剂的基本情况。综述了无机高分子絮凝剂的种类、开发情况,重点介绍了聚铝、聚铁、硅酸盐的絮凝机理及在水中的形态,并指出其在油田水处理中的优缺点。提出了当前无机絮凝剂的应用和理论研究及发展方向。     

A 6-DOF humanoid wall-climbing robot with flexible adsorption feet based on negative pressure suction

A wide range of dangerous and special tasks have witnessed the applications of wall-climbing robots, but they still cannot adapt well torough or sloping walls. This paper proposes a 6-DOF (degree of freedom) humanoid wall-climbing robot (HWCR) based on the principle of negative pressure suction. HWCR has the advantages of flexible adsorption feet, strong adaptability, strong anti-subversion performance, and high friction to the wall. We deduce mechanics formulas and carry out a parametric design of the foot structure so that it can meet the requirement of robot wall climbing. We use Fluent to analyze the flow field of the adsorption foot and determine the motor speed that can provide a reliable adsorption force. Using the D-H matrix to plan gait, we also design a compound cycloid-based foot trajectory to reduce the impact between the HWCR and the wall. Experiments on the uneven wall and sloping wall show that the vehicle can walk with an ideal gait, and the resistance value of the servo on each joint is much lower than the critical value, which ensures the smooth movement of the HWCR.     

发动机用PCB的失效分析研究

PCB广泛用于集成电路生产业的各个方面,汽车发动机用PCB要求较高的可靠性。面对热循环失效的汽车动力系统的构件,不要急于取下所有元件,应先对失效点表面进行外观检查和EDX分析,再进行带元件的切片分析和SEM分析,确认各个点的IMC是否正常,以找出真正的失效原因。     

复方苦槿霜抑制皮肤浅部真菌的试验研究

目的：通过抑菌试验观察复方苦槿霜的抑菌效果。方法：选择已经培养的常见皮肤浅部真菌菌落,分别取一小米粒大小菌块直接移植到药物培养基表面,如生长则测量菌落直径。观察1个月。结果：用药组和对照组部分菌落出现生长,且两组比较菌落直径大小相当。结论：复方苦槿霜对皮肤浅部真菌的抑制作用显著,其抑菌效果与达克宁霜相当。     

水包油乳液型复合泥饼清除剂的室内研究

针对裂缝性致密砂岩储层存在的高密度油基钻井液固相颗粒侵入以及泥饼难以清除等问题,开发出一种高效率、抗高温、低成本的水包油型复合泥饼清除剂。复合泥饼清除剂由混合酸、抗高温渗透剂、清洗剂、乳化剂等组成。通过对复合泥饼清除剂——水包油型乳液体系以及新型泥饼清除剂——纳米乳液体系的对比研究分析表明,在洗油方面以及溶蚀泥饼结构方面,复合泥饼清除剂效果优于纳米乳液。该复合泥饼清除剂的稳定性能强,抗温可达120℃;在静态条件下泥饼清除率可以达到90%以上,在动态条件下清除后岩心渗透率恢复值可以达到89%,最佳作业时间为8 h。在目前求降本增效的形势下,该复合泥饼清除剂剂配方简单,性能优良,解堵时间较短,能够有效改善和提高岩心渗透率恢复值。      

啤酒酿造用复合酶的研制

从一系列枯草芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）和淀粉液化芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓａｍｙｌｏｌｉｑｕｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）出发，经筛选和诱变选育，得到一株淀粉液化芽孢杆菌突变株（ＷＬ－ＢＡ－ｌ），该菌株经三角瓶摇瓶和２０Ｌ发酵后，在３０００Ｌ标准通风罐上进行试验，菌株发酵周期短，发酵液中β－葡聚糖酶约为１２０ｕ／ｍｌ，α－淀粉酶约１５０ｕ／ｍｌ，蛋白酶约１８００ｕ／ｍｌ．发酵液经压滤浓缩后制得液体酶制剂。