Paradoxical effects of information presentation formats and contextual interference on transfer of a complex cognitive skill

In a 2 × 2 factorial design the effects of (1) information presentation format and (2) contextual interference on training behavior, transfer performance and mental effort were studied for learning troubleshooting skills with a computer-based simulation. Participants studied information about the functioning of an alcohol distillery system (system principles) prior to practicing troubleshooting skills. Regarding the first factor, an expository (Exp) format, in which system principles, examples and a troubleshooting strategy were presented in a textual form, was compared to an inquisitory (Inq) format, in which participants had to predict the behavior of the system after they studied the system principles and in which demonstrations of the troubleshooting strategy were given. With regard to the second factor, a low contextual interference (LCI) condition in which participants practiced to diagnose types of system failures in a blocked schedule was compared to a high contextual interference (HCI) condition, in which different failure types were practiced in a random schedule. The main hypothesis is that the Inq and HCI conditions promote the development of cognitive schemata that enable learners to diagnose a malfunctioning system component by interpreting symptoms in terms of violations of system principles. Hence, they are expected to show higher transfer performance than participants in the traditional Exp and LCI conditions, who are believed to develop schemata containing associations between symptoms and malfunctioning components that are context-bound and less useful for diagnosing new failures. Contrary to the predictions, the traditional conditions (Exp and LCI) showed higher performance on a transfer test two weeks after training. Possible explanations for this result are discussed.     

利用计算机进行油气资源评价和勘探决策

本文着重介绍了构成《现代勘探决策理论系统》的5个主要计算机模块,即:生油岩热演化处理、求任意曲边形面积、数学模拟预测资源量、勘探经济评价分析及决策、辅助处理等模块。该系统曾在塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地的油气资源评价和勘探决策中发挥了作用,受到了专家和用户的好评。     

大冶铁矿无底柱分段崩落法矿量管理与数据自动输入合成系统

本文简要介绍了作者应用数据库和OCR技术研制一个可处理大量开采信息的数据管理与自动输入的合成系统的概况，包括系统的设计、组成、功能和使用价值，并就有关技术问题进行了必要的讨论     

FoxBASE与高级语言接口程序的设计

在计算机的应用编程中，经常会遇到在ＦｏｘＢＡＳＥ环境下使用高级语言的问题。本文通过实例及对数据库结构的分析，介绍了ＦｏｘＢＡＳＥ与高级语言接口程序的功能、原理及简单的设计方法。     

Computer software as text

Participatory design strategies have placed the user at the center of the design process, leaving computer software designers without guidelines for how to design and implement the software system. This paper aims to bring the designer back to the center of the design process. and the way of doing it is to consider computer software as text. Three different text theories are presented in order to explain what is meant by text, namely pragmatics, structuralism and deconstructivism. Finally it is discussed how the design processes should be understood, and how they should be organized when taking the text point of view of computer software.     

厅堂音质的听觉化模拟技术

厅堂音质的听觉化模拟技术是计算机技术、室内声学、电声技术相结合的双耳听觉化模拟技术，是新一代的厅堂音质ＣＡＤ技术的关键。同时听觉化模拟技术也为未来新的立体声制式的出现提供了可能性，这对未来的数字立体声广播、多媒体广播都可能产生巨大的潜在影响。本文对此项技术的原理、声场模拟、听演化实现过程、软件研究及应用前景等作了简要的介绍。     

计算机轧辊管理软件

使用计算机管理轧辊可以非常方便地查询每一条轧辊的材质、产地、车削情况使用情况及该辊的轧制产量等数据，并可根据要求打印表格或轧辊消耗报表。     

��Ȼ�������������ͨ����������ϵͳ�������ʵ��

由于天然气输气管线埋在地下，在通球清管过程中，球的运行情况不能直接观察，管线入口和出口压力在球运行过程中的变化也不能提前预测，也难准确控制进气量，使球能以１ｍ／ｓ的速度到达出口，为此进行了天然气输气管线清管通球计算机仿真系统的设计与实现的研制。该仿真系统是在深入分析和研究天然气输气管线清管通球运行规律的影响因素的基础上，以数据库管理、计算机仿真技术和人工智能等新技术为主要工具来开发的。着重介绍了该仿真系统的总体结构与功能设计，软件编程与调试。该仿真系统能真实仿真清管球在管线内运行，通过对靖边—榆林输气管线多次清管通球的运行过程实际模拟，其符合率在９３％以上。     

煤矿微机安全生产监测监控系统

本文介绍了分站式系统、无分站式系统以及复全式系统的特点，主要论述了复合式微机安全生产监测监控的结构、性能和应用。     

Efficient Reflectance and Visibility Approximations for Environment Map Rendering

We present a technique for approximating isotropic BRDFs and precomputed self-occlusion that enables accurate and efficient prefiltered environment map rendering. Our approach uses a nonlinear approximation of the BRDF as a weighted sum of isotropic Gaussian functions. Our representation requires a minimal amount of storage, can accurately represent BRDFs of arbitrary sharpness, and is above all, efficient to render. We precompute visibility due to self-occlusion and store a low-frequency approximation suitable for glossy reflections. We demonstrate our method by fitting our representation to measured BRDF data, yielding high visual quality at real-time frame rates.