Study of hybrid orientation structure wafer

Two types of 5μm thick hybrid orientation structure wafers,which were integrated by（110）or（100） orientation silicon wafers as the substrate,have been investigated for 15-40 V voltage ICs and MEMS sensor applications.They have been obtained mainly by SOI wafer bonding and a non-selective epitaxy technique,and have been presented in China for the first time.The thickness of BOX SiO₂ buried in wafer is 220 nm.It has been found that the quality of hybrid orientation structure with（100）wafer substrate is better than that with（110）wafer substrate by"Sirtl defect etching of HOSW".     

线状WSN中基于概率分流的负载均衡路由协议

针对线状无线传感器网络中节点能量消耗不均衡现象,本文提出基于概率分流的负载均衡路由协议,以一定规则建立多条路由路径,通过使负载较轻路径上的节点以一定概率分担负载较重路径上节点的数据传输任务,均衡网络中各个节点的负载。仿真结果表明,本协议能有效地改善各个节点能量消耗的均衡性,延长网络生存时间。     

一种基于脉冲压缩的漏缆传感器定位新方法

漏缆传感器的入侵探测定位系统已广泛应用于国防设施、银行、监狱等重要区域,为提高这种系统的定位精度,提出了一种基于脉冲压缩的漏缆传感器探测定位新方法。该方法将巴克码调制的二进制相移键控信号引入系统作为发射信号,并对接收信号进行滤波相减、相干解调、抽样判决和自相关运算等一系列信号处理,以获得含有入侵位置信息的特征信号。应用MATLAB 和电磁仿真软件CST 对该系统进行了协同仿真分析,并搭建了实验系统进行测试。仿真结果与实测结果吻合良好,验证了新方法探测定位的有效性。新方法的定位精度约为0.9 m,优于目前已报道的同类探测定位系统的定位精度。     

基于盲自适应KLT的蒸发波导压缩感知方法

蒸发波导既可促成微波通信、雷达等系统超视距工作,又可能造成异常盲区,因此获知蒸发波导的时空态势是夺取海上制电磁权的关键.若仅靠增大传感器布设密度提升感知分辨率,则费效比高且提升空间有限.压缩感知为从相对稀少的观测数据中获知蒸发波导态势提供了可能.本文提出盲自适应KLT（Karhunen-Loéve Transform）追踪算法,通过少量观测数据,充分挖掘蒸发波导的稀疏性,准确恢复出蒸发波导的分布.理论分析和实验表明,新方法总体性能优于基于DCT（Discrete Cosine Transform）和传统KLT的对照组性能,且新方法在节省九成采样资源的前提下,最终的重构结果能够达到重构信噪比30dB的水平,为海上长时间、大范围蒸发波导态势感知提供了压缩采集的基础.     

Coverage optimization algorithm based on VF-CS in mobile sensor network

A random placement of large-scale sensor network in the outdoor environment often causes low coverage.An area coverage optimization algorithm of mobile sensor network (MSN) based on virtual force perturbation and Cuckoo search (VF-CS) was proposed.Firstly,the virtual force of the sensor nodes within the Thiessen polygon was analyzed based on the partitioning of Voronoi diagram of the monitoring area.Secondly,the force of polygon vertices and neighbor nodes was taken as the perturbation factor for updating the node’s location of the Cuckoo search (CS).Finally,the VF-CS guided the node to move so as to achieve the optimal coverage.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has higher coverage and shorter average moving distance of nodes than the Voronoi diagram based algorithms in literatures.     

基于CMOS图像传感器的微光成像系统信噪比研究

信噪比是微光成像系统的关键参数,决定了成像系统的性能与成像质量。给出了互补金属氧化物半导体（Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, CMOS）图像传感器微光成像系统的信噪比模型,仿真计算了系统的信噪比与信号、噪声的关系。搭建了信噪比测试环境,完成了系统信噪比测试实验。实验结果表明,理论值与实测值一致。最后,根据信噪比分析结果对给定系统进行了参数优化。计算结果显示,优化后的系统在1 mLux照度下,信噪比能达到4.5。信噪比的研究为基于CMOS微光成像系统的总体设计与优化提供了理论依据。     

光纤光栅在金属锈蚀传感中的应用

介绍了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应变敏感特性的金属锈蚀传感器。该器件由光纤光栅、有预应力的钢弹簧和一些机械部件组合而成。组合后的弹簧处于压缩状态。在弹簧弹力的作用下,光纤光栅的峰值波长增长了3.2 nm。对该器件进行了加速腐蚀实验:将其放入盐酸环境中,逐日监测光纤光栅峰值波长的变化,发现峰值波长逐渐缩短,说明弹簧的弹性系数随着弹簧的锈蚀而逐渐减小。到弹簧锈蚀断裂,整个锈蚀过程持续了1315 h,平均锈蚀速率约5μm/d。实验表明了该传感器在实际应用中的可能性。同时讨论了光纤光栅的温度效应及其他影响其实用性的因素。     

Mobility aided localization of wireless sensor networks with inaccurate range measurements

This paper studies the relationship between mobility, navigation and localization in the context of wireless sensor networks with mobile beacons. It is observed that mobility can aid in network node localization and that once localized, the network nodes can localize and track a mobile object and guide its navigation. A distributed kernel-based algorithm is proposed that enables the nodes to establish confident position estimates in the presence of ranging inaccuracies. The proposed approach features robustness with respect to range measurement inaccuracies, low complexity and distributed implementation, using only local information. Simulation validates our approach viable.     

Battery-Aware Routing for Streaming Data Transmissions in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent technological advances have made it possible to support long lifetime and large volume streaming data transmissions in sensor networks. A major challenge is to maximize the lifetime of battery-powered sensors to support such transmissions. Battery, as the power provider of the sensors, therefore emerges as the key factor for achieving high performance in such applications. Recent study in battery technology reveals that the behavior of battery discharging is more complex than we used to think. Battery powered sensors might waste a huge amount of energy if we do not carefully schedule and budget their discharging. In this paper we study the effect of battery behavior on routing for streaming data transmissions in wireless sensor networks. We first give an on-line computable energy model to mathematically model battery discharge behavior. We show that the model can capture and describe battery behavior accurately at low computational complexity and thus is suitable for on-line battery capacity computation. Based on this battery model we then present a battery-aware routing (BAR) protocol to schedule the routing in wireless sensor networks. The routing protocol is sensitive to the battery status of routing nodes and avoids energy loss. We use the battery data from actual sensors to evaluate the performance of our protocol. The results show that the battery-aware protocol proposed in this paper performs well and can save a significant amount of energy compared to existing routing protocols for streaming data transmissions. Network lifetime is also prolonged with maximum data throughput. As far as we know, this is the first work considering battery-awareness with an accurate analytical on-line computable battery model in sensor network routing. We believe the battery model can be used to explore other energy efficient schemes for wireless networks as well.     

A low-power RF integrated circuit for implantable sensors

A low-power low-voltage analog signal processing circuit has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The circuit is capable of processing an analog sensor current and producing an ASK modulated digital signal with modulating signal frequency proportional to the sensor current level. An on-chip regulator has been included to stabilize the supply voltage received from an external RF power source. The circuit can operate with a power supply as low as 1 V and consumes only about 20 μW of power, which is therefore very suitable for implantable biomedical applications. The whole chip was laid out and fabricated in a 0.35 μm bulk CMOS technology. Experimental results show good agreement with the simulation results.