Configuration and operation combinedoptimization for EV battery swappingstation considering PV consumptionbundling

Integration of electric vehicles (EVs), demand response and renewable energy will bring multiple opportunities for low carbon power system. A promising integration will be EV battery swapping station (BSS) bundled with PV (photovoltaic) power. Optimizing the configuration and operation of BSS is the key problem to maximize benefit of this integration. The main objective of this paper is to solve infrastructure configuration of BSS. The principle challenge of such an objective is to enhance the swapping ability and save corresponding investment and operation cost under uncertainties of PV generation and swapping demand. Consequently this paper mainly concentrates on combining operation optimization with optimal investment strategies for BSS considering multiscenarios PV power generation and swapping demand. A stochastic programming model is developed by using state flow method to express different states of batteries and its objective is to maximize the station’s net profit. The model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program to guarantee the efficiency and stability of the optimization. Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and demonstrate that ignoring the uncertainties of PV generation and swapping demand may lead to an inappropriate batteries, chargers and swapping robots configuration for BSS.     

水热法合成Cu(Ⅱ)均苯三酸的配合物

采用水热合成法,合成了两种新型的Cu(Ⅱ)配合物:(1)Cu1Na1C9H16O12,为单斜晶系,I12/a1(15)空间群,a=13.524(2),b=11.221(1),c=18.410(2),α=90°,β=96.06(1)°,γ=90°,V=2 778.16(57)3,Z=8;(2)Cu2C18H20O18,为单斜晶系,P1 21/n1(14)空间群,a=8.570(1),b=18.855(1),c=6.845(3),α=90°,β=92.87(2)°,γ=90°,V=1 104.68(50)3,Z=2。     

Synthesis of 4-arms hydroxy-functionalized PMMA-b-PE through combining free radical polymerization with coordination polymerization

The copolymerization of MMA with ethylene was promoted by metallocene complex in the presence of initiator tetra(2,3-epoxy propoxy)silane (I_s), reducing agent Zn and cocatalyst MAO, combining free radical polymerization with coordination polymerization via sequential monomer addition strategy in one-pot to produce 4-arms hydroxy-functionalized PMMA-b-PE. The effects of polymerization conditions such as temperature, time, ethylene pressure and Al/Ti molar ratio on the polymerization performance were investigated. 4-Arms hydroxy-functionalized PMMA-b-PE was obtained by solvent extraction and determined by GPC, MALLS, DSC, FT-IR, WAXD and ¹H(¹³C) NMR. The DSC result indicated that the 4-arms hydroxy-functionalized PMMA-b-PE had one T_g at 87.0 °C and one T_m at 117.0 °C which attributed to T_g of PMMA segment and T_m of PE segment, respectively. The microstructure of 4-arms hydroxy-functionalized PMMA-b-PE was further confirmed by WAXD, FT-IR, and ¹³C NMR analysis. These results demonstrated that the obtained 4-arms block copolymer consisted of PMMA segment and crystalline PE segment.     

聚乙烯转光棚膜的加工及应用研究

本文对聚乙烯转光棚膜的加工和光转换剂的作用、配比关系及物理性能进行了讨论。     

PIPD/Cu2 纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及性能

以聚(2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯撑吡啶并二咪唑)(PIPD)为基体、三氟乙酸(TFA)和甲烷磺酸(MSA)为混酸,通过混酸剥离-去质子化诱导凝胶-冷冻干燥-惰性气氛高温处理制备出PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶.对PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶的形貌和结构进行表征,结果表明,混酸法制备PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶过程中,强质子酸破环了PIPD纤维的晶区和取向,PIPD主体的化学结构未发生明显变化.制得的PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶具有蜂窝孔结构、低密度(6.90～15.2 mg/cm3)和高孔隙率(99.1％～99.6％).当PIPD含量(以MSA和TFA总质量为基准,下同)不高于1％时,PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶无明显收缩.惰性氛围高温处理使PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶具有弹性.水平垂直燃烧、极限氧指数(LOI)、导热系数测试表明,PIPD含量为0.5％的纳米纤维气凝胶达到不可燃水平(UL-94,V-0级),LOI高达49.2％,100℃下低热传导性〔导热系数为0.052 W/(m·K)〕.此外,引入Cu2+配位交联网络提高PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶的压缩应力,增强后气凝胶的压缩应力是初始PIPD纳米纤维气凝胶的约16倍.     

多元纳米PVC材料的制备及其性能研究

采用原位聚合法将硅烷偶联剂(KH-570)包覆在纳米Ti O2和Mg(OH)2表面,并将其分散于聚氯乙烯(PVC)基体中。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射及扫描电镜对添加纳米颗粒前后的PVC材料进行表征。结果表明,Mg(OH)2的加入能够促使纳米Ti O2与其交联,从而减少纳米颗粒的团聚,提高纳米颗粒的分散性能。同时对PVC材料进行紫外屏蔽性能实验以及氧指数的测定实验,其结果表明,当纳米Ti O2和Mg(OH)2质量比为1∶2时,材料的紫外屏蔽性能与阻燃性能最佳。     

Separation of Xenon and Krypton in the Metal–Organic Frameworks M2(m-dobdc) (M=Co,Ni)

The separation of Xe and Kr from air is challenging owing both to the very low atmospheric concentrations of these gases and the need for their distillation at cryogenic temperatures. Alternatively, separation processes based on adsorption could provide a less energy-intensive route to the isolation of these gases. Here, we demonstrate that the metal–organic frameworks M₂(m-dobdc) (M=Co, Ni; m-dobdc⁴⁻=4,6-dioxido-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate) effectively separate Xe and Kr at ambient temperatures based on the different adsorption enthalpies of each gas at the coordinatively-unsaturated M²⁺ sites in each material. In situ Xe- and Kr-dosed powder X-ray diffraction studies further reveal key differences in the binding of Xe and Kr within the materials. In particular, while both gases adsorb near the framework open metal sites at 200 K, much higher Xe occupancies are observed at these sites relative to Kr, corroborating a stronger interaction of the polarizing M²⁺ cations with Xe. Further, while krypton is only found located above the open metal sites, two additional adsorption sites are observed for xenon, correlating with the stronger adsorption of Xe over Kr in these materials. These results suggest the possible utility of employing M₂(m-dobdc) materials in the adsorptive separation of Xe and Kr.     

A molecular orbital study on the chemical interaction across the indomethacin/silica interparticle boundary due to mechanical stressing

A discrete variational-Xα (DV-Xα) method was applied to elucidate the formation of C-O-Si bridging bonds, produced when a silanol group of SiO₂ comes close enough to react with a carboxyl group of indomethacin (IM). A decrease in the coordination number (CN) of oxygen atoms per silicon atom at the SiO₂ surface increased the net charge (NC) of the silanolic hydrogen atom and decreased the bond overlap population (BOP) between the silanolic oxygen and hydrogen atoms. These changes favored the formation and stabilization of C-O-Si bridging bonds with simultaneous dehydration. The computational results agreed well with our previous experimental study of a ground indomethacin-SiO₂ mixture to obtain a better solid dispersion of the drug.     

短生命周期产品供应链的契约研究

契约是实现供应链系统绩效改善或完美协调的一种机制.本文首先阐述了供应链协调的研究框架和研究基础;然后综述了应用契约实现短生命周期产品供应链渠道协调的三种常见机制及其研究现状,并分别分析了其特性和管理实践中的适用面;最后,给出了契约设计应遵循的原则和契约研究的建议.