一种新的基于有序统计和剔除平均的最大选择恒虚警检测器

本文基于有序统计（ＯＳ）和剔除平均（ＴＭ）提出了一种新的恒虚警检测器（ＯＳＴＭＧＯ）它的前尚滑窗和后尚滑窗分别采用ＯＳ和ＴＭ来产生局部估计，再选择两者之中的最大值用为杂波功率水平的估计，并应用于文献（４）提出自己筛选技术，在ＳｗｅｒｌｉｎｇⅡ型目标假设下，本文推导出了它的Ｐｆａ，Ｐｄ和度量，ＡＤＴ的解析表达式，并与其它方案进行了比较，分析结果表明它的均匀背景及多目标和杂波边缘引起的非均匀背景中，均     

夜视系统鉴别率测试的新方法

用室内低光照高对比鉴别率取代野外探测目标距离作为衡量夜视系统性能优劣的标准,将给验收工作带来方便。本文给出一种实验室内测试夜视系统鉴别率的方法。文中导出了夜视系统鉴别率的一种新的表达式,从而提出了一种改进后的物理模型及其实验方案。分析表明,采用新方案,即在实验室中人为增加环境照度,由此测得的系统工作鉴别率,用以取代野外探测目标距离,其可信度可望得到明显的提高。     

Efficiency and degradation of a copper indium diselenide photovoltaic module and yearly output at a sunny site in Jordan

The present work mainly deals with the testing and modeling of a commercially-available copper indium diselenide (CIS) ST40 module from the former Siemens Solar Industries (SSI). For this purpose, a large quantity of current/voltage characteristics were measured in the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)’s photovoltaic test-facility under different cell temperatures, solar irradiation and air mass, AM, conditions. They were used to develop a semi-empirical efficiency model to correlate all measured data sets. The goal was to make available a model, allowing quick and accurate calculation of the performance of the CIS module under all relevant operating conditions.

For the undegraded state of the module, the efficiency model allowed us to deduce the efficiency at Standard Test Conditions, STC, and its temperature coefficient at STC, which were 11.58% and minus 0.050%/°C, respectively. The output of the undegraded module under STC was found to be 42.4 W, i.e., 6% higher than specified by the manufacturer (40 W). Furthermore, the efficiency does not decrease with increasing air mass. At a cell temperature of 25 °C and a relative air mass of 1.5, the module has a maximum in efficiency of 12.0% at an irradiance of about 650 W/m². This indicates that the series-resistance losses become significant at higher irradiances. Hence, improving the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrode on the front side of the cells might lead to a higher output at high irradiances.

Identical testing and modeling were repeated after having exposed the module to real weather conditions for one year. We found that the STC efficiency was reduced by 9.0%, from 11.58 down to 10.54%. The temperature coefficient of the efficiency had changed from minus 0.050 %/°C to minus 0.039%/°C. These results indicate possible chemical changes in the semiconductor film. The output of the module at STC was reduced by 9.0% from 42.4 W down to 38.6 W.

Using meteorological data from a sunny site in the South of Jordan (Al Qauwairah) and the efficiency model presented here allows us to predict the yearly electricity yield of the CIS module in that area. Prior to degradation, the yield was found to be 362 kWh/m² for the Sun-tracked module; and 265 kWh/m² for the fix-installed module (South-oriented, at an inclination angle of 30°). After degradation the corresponding yields were found to be 334 and 241 kWh/m²; meaning losses of 8.4% and 9.5%, respectively. (Note: all units of energy, kWh, are referred to the active cell area.) Having available efficiency models for other module types, similar predictions of the yield can be made, facilitating the comparisons of the yearly yields of different module types at the same site. This in turn allows selecting the best module type for a particular site.     

电涡流测功机控制器控制算法研究

介绍了电涡流测功机控制器的设计开发过程,分析了控制系统模型,对系统各PID控制器进行设计和试验调试,给出了系统控制模式的控制效果。经试验验证了控制器控制效果良好,完全满足发动机台架试验对控制品质的要求。     

天文全帧CCD图像拖尾的快速去除方法

在长时间的天文光电观测系统中,为降低运行成本,往往拆除机械快门。但对于天文全帧CCD相机而言,其由此产生的拖尾严重影响了目标的检测性能。本文首先根据全帧CCD的工作机理,从理论上分析了CCD图像拖尾产生的原因。结合实际工程对空间目标检测的实时性需求,提出一种快速而有效地去除恒星目标竖直拖尾和空间目标倾斜拖尾的方法。最后结合实测数据和硬件平台,验证了该方法的有效性及实时性。      

SAGCM-APD增益影响因子分析与优化

应用二维漂移扩散模型研究具有分立吸收层、渐变层、电荷层和倍增层结构(SAGCM)的InGaAsP-InP雪崩光电探测器(APD),仿真分析了不同电荷层、倍增层厚度和掺杂浓度对电场分布、电流响应及击穿电压的影响,特别是参数变量对增益计算模型的影响,载流子传输过程的时间依赖关系和倍增层中所处位置的影响,仿真结果表明:较高掺杂浓度和较薄电荷层结构可以改变器件内部的电场分布,进而提高增益值.当入射光波长为1.55μm,光功率为500 W/m2时,光电流响应量级在10-2A;阈值电压降低到10V以下,击穿电压为42.6V时,器件倍增增益值大于100.     

一种改进的方差自适应滤波算法

标准的基于”当前”统计模型的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法中机动频率和加速度极限值存在靠经验预先设定的问题,以及在跟踪非机动和弱机动目标时存在精度不高的问题,本文在分析已有的加速度方差自适应算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的加速度方差自适应算法.仿真结果表明本文提出的改进的加速度方差自适应算法是有效性的,较已有算法提高了跟踪非机动或弱机动目标的精度.     

汽车轮胎压力及温度实时检测系统设计

随着经济的发展,汽车已作为日常生活的必需品早已走入了寻常百姓家,由汽车所引起的交通事故也日益严重。据统计其中由于轮胎故障引起的交通事故在交通事故中的比例高达46%,因此人们对行驶中的汽车轮胎各种状况的关注度日益增加。汽车轮胎压力及温度实时检测技术是一种能切实有效的防止和减少由于轮胎引起的交通事故的方法。本文给出了一种基于单片机轮胎检测系统的设计方案,能实时检测汽车轮胎的温度与压力,能在轮胎温度及压力不正常时及时提醒驾驶员采取措施,防止交通事故的发生。     

基于图像处理的交通路口智能播报系统的研究

从智能交通系统的基本理论着手,介绍了将图像处理技术应用到智能交通系统的基本思路,并详细阐述了整个系统的算法设计。主要优势是对帧间差分法进行了改进优化,即改进的基于边缘信息的邻域帧间差分法,使得改进后的算法可以实时进行运动车辆检测,然后通过设置虚拟线来对车辆的参数进行间接的检测,最后通过LED提示行人和车辆。经实验验证改进后的算法简单方便且性能良好,能够准确的检测出运动车辆,增强了系统的可靠性。     

现代检测技术在数控机床中的应用

介绍现代检测技术及检测装置在数控机床中的应用,详细分析位置检测装置在数控机床中的重要作用,归纳总结检测元件发生故障的原因,以达到经验共享的目的。