1951~2013年华北地区极端降水事件的变化

利用华北地区90个气象站点1951~2013年逐日降水量资料,计算了8个极端降水指数,采用滑动平均、线性回归、Mann\|Kendall非参数检验和Morlet小波分析等方法,分析了华北地区极端降水事件的变化规律。结果表明:华北地区近63 a连续干旱日数(CDD)呈明显的增加趋势,连续5 d降雨量、连续湿日、年总降雨量趋于减少并通过0.05显著性检验,其他4个极端降水指数都表现为减少趋势且不显著。各极端降水指数与年总降水量(PRCPTOT)有很好的相关性,除连续干旱日数与之呈负的弱相关性以外,其他指数均呈较强的正相关性。在近63 a的时间尺度上各项极端降水指数都存在2～4 a显著周期,多数指数也存在8 a、16 a和32 a的周期。在时间转折上,连续湿日(CWD)的突变点时间较早,发生于1964年。从空间分布来看,京津冀地区及山西大部是极端降水指数变化最为显著的区域,连续干旱日数增加,其他指数均呈现减小趋势。
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Effects of three‐dimensional virtual reality and traditional training methods on mental workload and training performance

Industries will implement effective training programs to improve training performance, and an ideal training performance occurs under proper mental workload (MWL). Virtual reality (VR) has recently been widely utilized in training; however, only a few studies have investigated its effects on MWL and training performance simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of VR training and traditional training methods, such as technical manuals (TM) and multimedia films (MF), on training performance and MWL. The results of the performance measurement show that VR training is considered the best training method compared to TM and MF, particularly in the case of complex tasks. The results of physiological measurements (GSR [galvanic skin response], LF% [low frequency], and LF/HF [high frequency] ratio) show a significant difference between reading TM and using computer (MF and VR), wherein the latter has a lower MWL. However, no significant difference in subjective MWL assessment (NASA‐TLX [task load index]) and HF% measurement is found.     

基于双层规划模型的电梯交通系统群组优化

目的针对上行高峰交通条件,分析电梯交通系统的性能指标,建立了高层建筑电梯群组分区运行的多目标优化数学模型.提出了采用双层规划模型及遗传算法求解一类特定的多目标问题的新方法.方法通过权向量整体优化以获取目标函数的最优值,进而获得科学合理的决策变量.结果克服了线性组合加权法中依据偏好确定权值的传统方法的缺点,同时对得到的最优解进行成本消耗分析,得出与建筑物特性相关的最终优化运行方案.结论该研究对高层建筑垂直交通系统的设计及其电梯群控技术的实施提供重要依据.算例及仿真结果表明该方法的有效性.     

汉语文语转换系统中停顿指数的自动标注

本文采用了一个基于C-TOBI的停顿指数标注的语料库,利用有指导的学习方法对自动停顿指数标注方面做了一些有益的探索。本文共实现了三种方法:基本的马尔科夫模型,引入了词长信息的马尔科夫模型,引入词长信息的马尔科夫模型结合基于转换的错误驱动的学习方法。然后通过对3000句的真实文本进行开放测试,以基本的马尔科夫模型的结果作为基准,实验结果不断改进,最终达到了78.6%的准确率,错误代价降低了14.5%。     

食品科技领域SCI源期刊指标分析及中国学者的表现

以SCI期刊引证报告JCR最新网络版(2013年)为依据,对其收录的128种食品科技期刊及其影响因子、总被引频次、即时指数和被引半衰期等计量指标进行了统计分析。根据其计量指标筛选了食品科技中较具影响力的期刊,筛选了食品科技领域19种重要期刊和8种\     

华东电力市场购电策略评估方法

基于华东市场规则和月度购电模拟运行实践,建立起一套完整的购电策略评价体系。提出了购电地位、购电策略和购电效果3类指标,通过对购电前、中、后不同经济行为和技术指标的分析计算,为省（直辖市）电力公司建立合理有效的购电策略提供指导。结合华东市场实际,分析了电网约束对购电策略的影响及评估方法。     

信息披露有效性与电力市场交易模式的选择

基于信息经济学和制度经济学的信息有效市场理论,从电力市场中信息披露有效性的全新角度,分析了信息披露对市场效率、交易成本、交易速度和市场公平性的影响;根据信息披露的主体和有效性原则,设计了电力市场信息披露有效性的评价指标;应用这些评价指标,分析比较了电力市场中双边交易和集中交易2种主要的交易方式的特点和适用环境;在借鉴国外电力市场建设经验的基础上,从信息披露有效性的角度分析了华东和东北区域电力市场的交易方式设计;提出了中国应根据国情、市场环境和交易目标,采用以中长期双边交易为主、现货集中交易为辅的市场模式。     

辐射加工技术在食品生产中的应用研究

本文以大豆蛋白系列产品为例,研究了辐射加工技术在食品生产中的具体应用。研究结果表明,大豆蛋白系列产品经辐射加工技术处理后,产品不仅保持了原有的各项理化指标、良好的功能性,而且产品卫生学质量得到大幅度提高,各项指标均符合企业产品质量标准。该项技术的开发应用,解决了长期困扰我国大豆蛋白企业产品微生物超标的问题,实现了大豆蛋白工业化生产。     

FT-NIR spectroscopy for the quality characterization of apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Abstract: The nondestructive assessment of apricot fruit quality (Bora cultivar) was carried out by means of FT-NIR reflectance spectroscopy in the wavenumber range 12000 to 4000 cm⁻¹. Samples were harvested at four different ripening stages and scanned by a fiber optical probe immediately after harvesting and after a storage of 3 d (2 d at 4 °C and 1 d at 18 °C); the flesh firmness (FF), the soluble solids content (SSC), the acidity (A), and the titratable acidity (malic and citric acids) were then measured by destructive methods. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) analysis was used to classify spectra according to the ripening stage and the storage: partial least squares regression (PLS) models to predict FF, SSC, A, and the titratable acidity were also set-up for both just harvested and stored apricots. Spectral pretreatments and wavenumber selections were conducted on the basis of explorative principal component analysis (PCA). Apricot spectra were correctly classified in the right class with a mean classification rate of 87% (range: 80% to 100%). Test set validations of PLS models showed R² values up to 0.620, 0.863, 0.842, and 0.369 for FF, SSC, A, and the titratable acidity, respectively. The best models were obtained for the SSC and A and are suitable for rough screening; a lower power prediction emerged for the other maturity indices and the relative predictive models are not recommended. Practical Application : The results of the study could be used as a tool for the assessment of the ripening stage during the harvest and the quality during the postharvest storage of apricot fruits.     

超声波辅助提取油茶籽油工艺条件研究

以油茶籽为原料,筛选出正己烷为提取油茶籽油的适宜溶剂,并确定了最佳提取方法。考察料液比、提取温度和提取时间等因素对油茶籽油得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定了提取油茶籽油的较佳工艺条件,并对该工艺条件下提取的油茶籽油进行了理化检测。结果表明:在试验范围内,各因素对油茶籽油得率的影响依次为提取温度>料液比>提取时间。以正己烷为溶剂提取油茶籽油的较佳工艺参数:料液比为1:12、超声波提取温度60℃、提取时间30 min。在该工艺条件下得率达40.89%,所得油茶籽油的各项理化指标均达到了国家标准要求。