Organizational arrangements for MIS units

Decisions on organizational arrangements for MIS units comprise location in the organization, rank of responsible executive, organization of MIS implementators, degree of centralization, the user interface, the study group, the steering committee, the data base administrator, the corporate computer staff, and external assistance. Based on a wide-ranging survey of papers in the field of MIS, the authors have formulated guidelines which derive from the impact of organizational decisions on the success or failure or MIS and MIS projects.     

光扫描比浊法测定催化剂粒度分布

主要论述了光扫描比浊法测定催化剂粒度的影响参数,以及如何选择这些参数,找到最佳的参数条件使分析结果更准确、分析方法可行。     

从中央集权走向地方分权——日本城市规划事权的演变与启示

近代城市规划涉及上至国家政策,下及市民生活的广泛领域。因此．城市规划的编制和决定权通常需要在中央政府与地方政府,不同层级的地方政府之间甚至政府与市民团体之间做出一定的划分,从而形成特定的权利分配体制。近代以后的日本在一个多世纪的时间里．走过了一条城市规划从中央集权逐步向地方分权过渡的道路：这对历史文化背景相近的我国而言具有一定的参考价值。本文简要回顾了日本城市规划由中央集权逐步转向地方分权的过程,并归纳总结了其中的原因、规律和启示。     

Why not one big database? Principles for data ownership

This research concerns incentive principles which drive information sharing and affect database value. Many real world centralization and standardization efforts have failed, typically because departments lacked incentives or needed greater local autonomy. While intangible factors such as “ownership” have been described as the key to providing incentives, these soft issues have largely eluded formal characterization. Using an incomplete contracts approach from economics, we model the costs and benefits of restructuring organizational control, including critical intangible factors, by explicitly considering the role of data “ownership”. There are two principal contributions from the approach taken here. First, it defines mathematically precise terms for analysing the incentive costs and benefits of changing control. Second, this theoretical framework leads to the development of a concrete model and seven normative principles for improved database management. These principles may be instrumental to designers in a variety of applications such as the decision to decentralize or to outsource information technology and they can be useful in determining the value of standards and translators. Applications of the proposed theory are also illustrated through case histories.     

法国光辉30年领土整治中的“均衡化”政策

本文梳理历史发展脉络,阐述了法国针对其区域发展不均衡问题,在“光荣30年”期间采取的一系列领土整治中的“均衡化”政策,并对其效果进行了简单分析和总结.期待给中国的区域规划带来一定的启示.     

Semantic-supported and agent-based decentralized grid resource discovery

One of the open issues in grid computing is efficient resource discovery. In this paper, we propose a novel semantic-supported and agent-based decentralized grid resource discovery mechanism. Without overhead of negotiation, the algorithm allows individual resource agents to semantically interact with neighbour agents based on local knowledge and to dynamically form a resource service chain to complete a task. The algorithm ensures the resource agent’s ability to cooperate and coordinate on neighbour knowledge requisition for flexible problem solving. The developed algorithm is evaluated by investigating the relationship between the success probability of resource discovery and semantic similarity under different factors. The experiments show the algorithm could flexibly and dynamically discover resources and therefore provide a valuable addition to the field.     

Centralization/decentralization cycles in computing: Market evidence

Strategies concerning centralized and decentralized commercial computing have been major issues for more than two decades. Using longitudinal sales data consolidated into three major computer categories (mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers), we investigate whether historical market data show evidence of centralization and decentralization. Our finding of cyclic behavior leads us to conclude that computing sales data exhibits broadly cyclic characteristics. We suggest that computing strategies oscillate unevenly between domination of centralization and decentralization, and that commercial computing has already experienced two centralization/decentralization cycles. Currently, computing is nearing the end of the second cycle's decentralization period and is at the threshold of centralization in a third cycle.     

P2P技术在网络上的应用

首先简要介绍了P2P技术的概念和特点，与传统的C／S模式进行比较，分析出P2P技术的优势，文章然后论述了P2P技术在网络上的应用及其面临的问题。     

Decentral task allocation for industrial AGV-systems with resource constraints

Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) form a large and important part of the logistics transportation systems in today's industry and are widely used, especially in Europe. Today's AGV-systems offered by global manufacturers almost all operate under some form of centralized control where a single central controller coordinates the entire fleet of AGVs. There is a trend towards decentralized control of these systems where AGVs make individual decisions that promote the flexibility, robustness and scalability of transport. However, its practical implementation seems to be in its infancy. In addition to the lack of practical implementation of decentralized control in industrial AGV-systems, we have observed a research gap in intelligent resource management of AGV-systems, which we have tried to address in previous work by proposing a more intelligent resource management approach. In this paper, we have addressed both the perceived lack of practical decentralized AGV control and the lack of intelligent resource management by proposing a decentralized task allocation algorithm based on sequential single-item auctions, taking into account resource constraints, and in which our intelligent resource management approach from previous work is introduced. We have benchmarked our new approach to a genetic algorithm-based task-allocation solver that uses “threshold-100”-charging as a resource management strategy. The result of the proposal is a decentralized task-allocation architecture under resource constraints that could be used in current AGV-systems to add more decentralized features to the fleet.     

“Planning”, “siting” and the local acceptance of wind power: Some lessons from the French case

After some years of trifling development under a system of public tenders (1995–2000), French politicians progressively changed the national policy framework for feed-in tariffs (December 2000) and wind power development zones (July 2005). The new policy framework has triggered a beginning of takeoff in wind power capacity. The paper examines French wind power development in the light of two key dimensions and concepts related to wind power policy: “planning” and “siting” (Part 1). We particularly focus on the recent French legislative debate, which led to the adoption of the new policy framework (Part 2). The French case shows that the recourse to planning tools was not tailor-made for siting issues but resulted from a political fight over the decentralization of energy policy. The policy outcome, which we call “flexible decentralized planning”, is both interesting and ambiguous. It is interesting in that it develops interfaces between planning tools and siting institutions. It is ambiguous in that it is potentially very hierarchical: the final decision power is left in State-planners’ hands, making it unpredictable the extent to which room will genuinely be provided for siting processes to take place.