Chemical correlates of α-tocopherol (Vitamin E) alteredMalacosoma disstria herbivory inFraxinus pennsylvanica var.Subintegerrinia,green ash

The antioxidant -tocopherol (vitamin E), applied in a basal trunk band to the green ash tree,Fraxinus pennsylvanica var.subintergerrinia, elicited an alteration of foliar feeding byMalacosoma disstria larvae (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). The bioassayed effects were dependent on the dosage of elicitor, the time after elicitation, and the position in the tree. Leaves for chemical analysis were collected from trees receiving two dosages and at two intervals after elicitation. Compounds in the ethyl acetate extractables from the ash tree leaves were separated by TLC and HPLC. TLC separations showed differences in the nonhydrolyzed extractables attributable to elicitor dosage and time after elicitation. TLC-resolved differences were also evident among acid-hydrolyzed samples. HPLC-resolved profiles revealed eight peaks in the nonhydrolyzed extractables that were quantitatively negatively correlated with larval feeding preference between elicited versus control foliage on at least one of the two sampling dates. Results from this study and other investigations reported in the literature indicate that the antioxidant-tocopherol (vitamin E) can function as an environmental-stress elicitor of alterable defensive chemistry in green ash and other plants.     

森林水文效应的综合分析

引用森林水文实验站和国家水文基本站网中的森林流域和非森林流域的实测资料,进行同步期的对比分析.对于试验小流域或径流场,总结出林冠截留、树干径流和林地拦蓄的一些统计结果,并归纳得到可供利用的计算公式.对于大面积森林流域,主要从基本水文站网中,森林覆盖率明显不同而其它自然地理条件类似的测站进行对比分析,当干旱指数小于1.2的地区,森林使年径流增加,当干旱指数大于1.2的地区,森林使年径流减少.     

南方红壤区马尾松林下水土流失与降雨量关系研究

为了更好地研究马尾松林水土流失规律,从水土流失主要控制因子——降雨因子出发,通过对红壤侵蚀区不同林下配置模式马尾松林径流试验小区2009—2011年的产流、产沙与降雨量的关系研究。得到如下结论：①各小区的产流量和产沙量均与降雨量呈显著性相关,回归模型主要以一元二次回归最优,个别小区以幂函数和对数函数最优,其中以马尾松地表裸露小区模拟方程可决系数最大;②各雨型在同一郁闭度条件下,除去郁闭度为0％的小区外,各小区基本满足乔＋地表裸露〉乔＋百喜草〉乔＋胡枝子,伴随着降雨量的增加,各小区的径流系数总体上呈增加的趋势,尤其在暴雨和大暴雨以上的雨型更加明显;③产沙方面,各雨型条件下,除去郁闭度为O％的小区和个别郁闭度为24％的小区外,基本上满足乔＋地表裸露〉乔＋胡枝子〉乔＋百喜草。     

榆林飞播林区土壤地球化学特征

以榆林飞播林区的土壤微生物、土壤养分和土壤可溶性盐为研究对象,对林区土壤可溶性盐的变化规律及其与土壤养分、微生物的相关性进行研究,为水土资源可持续利用以及飞播造林功效的提高提供理论依据。研究表明,研究区土壤属硫酸盐型,土壤层分异特征不显著,土壤仍处于初级发育阶段。土壤总盐与养分的相关性不明显,适当增加K＋利于真菌的存活和生物量的积累,在1 kg土壤中,每增加1gK＋,真菌数量就会增加14个左右。在土层表层,适量减少Cl-能促进土壤细菌的生长,在40 cm 土层的盐分上行过程中出现表聚现象,在土壤中层,出现板结现象,在土壤底层,HCO3-和Na＋质量分数的增加,有利于土壤全氮质量分数的增加,且 HCO3-的影响力最强。     

我国森林与流域生态补偿机制的比较研究

生态补偿的施行是保护环境的关键措施,也是解决经济外部性的必要手段。选取我国森林、流域生态补偿相关案例,从生态补偿机制最主要的补偿主体、补偿方式和补偿标准三方面对两者进行比较分析,总结其各自优点及存在不足。从现有的研究及实践探索来看,森林生态补偿主体以及方式过于单一,而流域生态补偿标准较难确定。     

Mass appraisal of residential apartments: An application of Random forest for valuation and a CART-based approach for model diagnostics

To the best knowledge of authors, the use of Random forest as a potential technique for residential estate mass appraisal has been attempted for the first time. In the empirical study using data on residential apartments the method performed better than such techniques as CHAID, CART, KNN, multiple regression analysis, Artificial Neural Networks (MLP and RBF) and Boosted Trees. An approach for automatic detection of segments where a model significantly underperforms and for detecting segments with systematically under- or overestimated prediction is introduced. This segmentational approach is applicable to various expert systems including, but not limited to, those used for the mass appraisal.     

森林火灾移动预警系统的UML建模

林火预警技术是当前研究的热点技术,本文构建了一种基于WSN-GPRS-Internet多网络的森林火灾移动预警系统,实现区域性火险预报。文中建立了该系统的UML模型,并结合JavaME和JavaEE两种技术平台和Struts开源框架设计了JavaME和JavaEE的集成框架,从较高层次可视化地展现了预警系统原型。     

生物质能源与能源林业若干问题研究

概述了生物质能对未来能源发展的重要作用,对我国能源林业和灌木能源林的情况作了简要介绍,并重点提出了小球藻油的利用对生物质能开发的影响.     

森林保险市场的信号甄别和激励机制

基于森林保险市场存在的两种不确定因素,从减少道德风险和抑制逆向选择两方面出发,同时引入了免赔额和共保率,并对投保林主和森林进行综合风险分类,构建了一个信号甄别和激励模型,导出了一种符合森林保险市场发展需要的费率与共保率厘定体系.该方法打破了传统森林保险费率统一的定价模式.     

ArcFVS:An integration of a Geographic Information System and Forest Vegetation Simulator

This paper presents the design and implementation of an integrated application program called ArcFVS that links the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to realize spatial selection of input files and graphic display of modeling output. Data for testing and running the model came from the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Database and were also collected in field surveys in north-central Indiana. ArcFVS 1.0 is designed using the ArcGIS software from the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) and the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) programming environment to manipulate ESRI's ArcObjects. The resulting product offers custom functions as commands in a new menu or as tools on a new toolbar. They are used to: select spatially or by attribute the forest plots to be projected by FVS, create the FVS input files for the selected plots and display in a geospatial environment different types of FVS output (text output files, tables with variables of interest and visualization image files). Advantages of ArcFVS 1.0 include the new GIS capabilities, enhanced format translation functions and the standardized programming environment.