基于QFD的建筑施工项目质量策划

质量功能展开(QFD)是质量策划的有效方法,可将顾客需求转化为质量要素,并进行综合权衡分析,为质量控制提供依据。质量屋(HOQ)是QFD的核心,由顾客需求、质量要素(技术措施)、关系矩阵、相关矩阵、市场竞争能力和技术竞争能力评估矩阵所组成。     

日本社区嵌入型养老设施配置发展经验对中国的启示

随着中国人口老龄化程度日益加深,养老设施的普及配置已刻不容缓。然而由于部分相关概念未能明确统一、设施体系尚不完善、配置标准灵活性不足等问题,导致中国在发展过程中一味追求养老床位数量达标,却忽略了老年人的实际养老需求,造成大量社区存在设施供给与服务需求脱节的现象。世界上率先进入超老龄社会的日本,从2006年开始构建社区统合照料体系。在设施配置规划上,从原有设施体系中独立出小规模的社区嵌入型设施体系,两个体系并存互补,使设施配置更具弹性,有助于灵活应对老年人的多样化需求,在年老人熟悉的社区中实现高质量养老服务的精准配送。通过推动小型化设施的普及配置,实现了设施在既有社区内的渗透发展。本文以日本的官方开放数据为基础,通过梳理其社区嵌入型养老设施的配置和发展状况,揭示了这一规划举措对日本在高度城市化地区实现"在地养老"制度理念的关键意义。在借鉴相关经验的基础上,结合中国的发展现状,提出了完善设施体系、因地制宜确定配建指标和设施规模、充分发挥设施区域协同作用等对中国具有现实意义的启示。     

Current condition and future directions for lean construction in highways projects: A small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) perspective

The aim of this study is to identify the parameters defining how Lean Construction (LC) is being implemented (current condition) and how LC can be further promoted (future direction) from a Small-Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) perspective. Although SMEs constitute the largest group in construction supply chains, LC, as an emerging phenomenon in civil construction project management, has been rarely investigated from an SMEs perspective. Also, overlooking the more macro factors like project governance and supply chain management, LC deployments have been mainly discussed from a production process perspective to date. After a review of the extant literature and 20 interviews with managers from the highways sector, a list of 31 current condition and 40 future direction statements were produced, classified under the delivery, process, training, project governance and supply chain related headings and used in a questionnaire survey with 110 responses. The current condition highlights problems like a short-term relations structure, competitive tendering mechanisms, fragmentation, problems in engaging with SMEs for LC, unstandardised LC techniques, and issues with convincing SMEs to deploy LC by demonstrating the business case on mutual benefits. Action items relating to the current project delivery structure were given the highest importance by the supply chain, alongside the LC training and project governance issues for the future of LC at highways SMEs. Additionally, a statistically significant correlation was identified among many future action items.     

A Methodology for Applying Quality Function Deployment to the Commissioning Process

Abstract

Commissioning is a quality process used within building construction to verify that the finished project meets the design, construction, and operation and maintenance requirements of the owner. In product development, quality function deployment captures the voice of the customer and translates it into engineering characteristics that are carried into production and service, assuring the final product meets this voice. This article presents a methodology for using a four-phase quality function deployment model within the commissioning process—building upon the foundation known as the house of quality. Practitioners are provided the steps to take this model through each of the phases of commissioning as a means of overseeing the entire design and construction quality process and assuring the final product delivers on all of the customer’s requirements.     

大型分布式系统部署一致性的研究与实现

随着网络应用向分布式方向的发展,系统的规模越来越大,随之而来的就是系统服务部署的一致性等问题。文章针对系统部署一致性,首先引入五种系统信息描述子,然后讨论了影响系统一致性的各种操作及对其处理方法,最后提出了一种基于一致性的对象传输策略。     

新型的保险企业软件开发和部署研究

该文简要描述了目前保险应用系统的框架,结合保险业务的发展不均衡特性,通过对主辅功能区的规划进行论述,提出了一种如何将软件同时适应不同地区版本的新的开发和部署方法。     

Concurrent engineering: Supporting subsystems

Case studies of worldwide winners: Ford Motor Company's Team Ranger and mid-sized, US$10 million, engineer-to-order Airolite Company, ventilator louver manufacturer, authenticate benefits of applying concurrent Engineering to design processes. They confront and need to surmount: global competition, increased labor costs, rising customer expectations, shorter product life cycles and government regulation. This paper clearly illustrates how Concurrent Engineering in meeting these demands embraces supporting subsystems that include Computer Aided Drafting & Design, Quality Function Deployment and Design for Manufacture & Assembly.     

基于QFD的ERP软件供应商与咨询商评价模型研究

为了有效控制企业资源计划(ERP)实施风险,需要选择合适的外部合作伙伴。在对DD企业实地调研的基础上,借助于质量功能展开(QFD)方法的特点,首先将ERP实施风险控制设定为合作方评价的总目标,并逐层细分为17个详细目标需求项,运用层次分析法确定了各需求项的权重;然后,从三种不同的视角出发,分别提出了评价软件供应商、咨询商各自实力以及评价三方合作特性的指标;进一步确定了风险控制需求与评价特性指标间的相关关系,设计了模型的求解过程,最终构建了基于QFD的ERP实施合作方评价模型。结合DD企业应用实例验证了评价模型的有效性。     

基于ERP的质量驱动产品设计研究

ERP中的企业资源计划信息不仅能用于企业资源优化配置,还能为产品设计决策提供非常有用的信息。目前产品设计阶段一般没有充分利用ERP中的信息,针对这种情况,在分析质量驱动产品设计内涵的基础上,提出了基于ERP的质量驱动产品开发的概念,建立了以质量功能展开（QFD）和故障模式效应分析（FMEA）为核心的基于ERP的质量驱动产品开发系统模型,最后给出了系统的信息交换机制与方法。     

基于全国计算机等级考试系统自动化部署的设计

全国计算机等级考试系统的安装测试工作基本全是手工劳动．监考员要逐台修改计算机的设置、安装考试系统、检测考试环境,工作简单重复并且易于出错。探讨如何利用自动化技术实现整个考试系统的自动化部署,把监考员从简单重复工作中解放出来,提高工作效率。