Considerations and strategies behind the design and construction requirements of the Istanbul Strait immersed tunnel

This being a design-build project, the challenge faced during preparations of the Employer’s requirements for design and construction of the Istanbul Strait immersed tunnel was to give the contractor as much freedom as possible and yet specify enough so that the Employer obtained the required facility. When completed, this will be a world-class facility. This paper discusses on a strategic level many of the aspects to be presented by the author in two papers in later sessions of the day. Unusual features of this crossing include the deepest ever immersed tunnel crossing, extra waterproofing requirements, strong currents with bi-directional flow, close proximity of the North Anatolian Fault which is predicted to have a major seismic event during the life of the tunnel, and the method of connecting the adjacent bored tunnels to the immersed tunnel. Safety during tunnel construction and operation has been paramount, and resulted in changes to contract packaging and extra requirements. Other challenges discussed include fish migration, control of an international waterway, environmental issues and ensuring the stability of the soft soils during a seismic event.     

精铸件结构优化设计实践

以6种典型的精密铸件为例，利用“6个千方百计”原则对产品结构进行优化设计，同时辅助有限元分析对优化结果进行再验证。通过减少大平面、避免深长孔、采用加强筋等优化措施，有效地避免了夹砂、鼓包、跑火、缩孔、裂纹等铸造缺陷，实现了少无切削和减轻铸件质量。     

压水堆核电厂用全自动多螺栓四同步安装机的结构创新研究

首先在结构上创造了新型螺栓、螺母和一套崭新的安装机。在主机上去掉了精密、复杂、昂贵的机器人或机械手，改用结构简单的集成齿轮机构，以实现同步旋拧功能；运用现代流体传动与控制的理论，建立流本控制的数学模型和传递函数，从而实现了4个同步安装的效果。     

组合拱式管桥计算机模拟设计

本文在已有成果资料的基础上，为组合拱式管桥的设计建立了常规设计表达式，并研制出组合拱式管桥计算机模拟的程序软件ＣＡＰＢＤ。该软件具有以下计算功能：（１）计算组合管拱的几何特征参数；（２）计算组合管拱自重和组合拱式管桥的竖向荷载及其材料费用；（３）分析和计算各种载荷作用下组合拱式管桥的内力；（４）组合拱式管桥各控制截面强度校核、稳定性验算以及拱支墩稳定性验算和地基承载力强度校核。     

CARR水平孔道的设计特点

介绍了中国先进研究堆(CARR)水平孔道的用途、在堆本体的布置、水平孔道结构设计及设计方面的特点。     

底板翻面机及其液压系统设计

本文介绍了底板翻面机及其液压系统的工作原理和设计特点。该机结构紧凑、运行平稳、工作可靠、能耗低，其成功的设计经验对同类设备的设计改造具有一定的参考价值     

Supporting collaborative engineering design

The complexity of current engineering design demands the collaboration of specialists. Collaboration involves both communication between and coordination among members of a design team. Currently, design collaboration is carried out through the use of schedules, specifications and drawings which only capture the end results of the design process. They fail to record important design information such as the reasoning behind design decisions. In this paper, we describe a tool CADS, that supports collaboration in engineering design. CADS is based on an extension to the Axiomatic Design methodology which not only captures the design elements but also the rationale used to conceive them. CADS serves as a shared database of design information with facilities that support communication and coordination in engineering design.Currently at the Media Laboratory, MIT.     

家居室内环境的“低碳”设计思考

目前家居装饰装修市场繁荣,人们伴随着经济实力的提升而追求居住环境的舒适性、豪华性、美观性的愿望得已实现,但设计师和客户都应理性的对待居住空间的过分装饰和纯粹的美观性,应注重营造实用、绿色低碳的家居空间环境,顺应社会发展的要求。本文通过对家居空间"低碳"设计的分析,倡导家居空间环境应健康节能、选择低碳的装饰装修设计。     

公益产品设计微探

公益产品设计近年来备受社会瞩目,其构想的价值毋庸置疑,然而,在设计中,一些思想未必成熟,各方面因素考虑不周,设计出的产品不仅难以实现公益,甚至出现南辕北辙的无奈。把握公益产品设计的正确方向,使得产品设计能够真正做到公益的效果,对于参与公益产品设计的企业和设计者而言是当务之急。     

浅析土特产的包装设计——以乐陵金丝小枣为例

经济繁荣的消费时代,土特产因其浓郁的地域特色赢得消费者的喜爱,进入了广阔的消费领域。包装设计在土特品商品化的过程中备受关注,成为其在市场竞争中获胜的重要途径之一。面对土特产包装市场良莠不齐的现象,文章结合乐陵金丝小枣这一土特产,阐述了方便化,自然化,特色化,环保化设计在土特产的包装设计发展中的重要意义,以发挥包装的魅力,提升土特产包装更高层次的商业价值。