Environmental and climate justice and technological carbon removal

Environmental justice (EJ) and climate justice are becoming central foci of climate policy. Awareness is also growing on the need for some amount of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to curb warming to 1.5 °C. In this paper we map dimensions of environmental and climate justice that stakeholders and communities will need to consider -- from local to global scales. Mapping issues is a step towards developing frameworks to undertake CDR in an environmentally just way.     

Effect of ammonia concentrations on SCC of α-brass under mode III loading

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of α-brass in ammonia solution was studied under mode III loading. The results showed that SCC occurred on the principal stress planes where shear stresses are zero. No SCC occurred on the maximum shear stress plane. Ammonia concentration affected fracture behaviour. When the concentration was low, many cracks with spacing of 10–150 μm were found on 45 ° planes, i.e., the principal stress planes. When the concentration was high, the cracks on 45 ° planes were not clearly visible because of serious general corrosion.     

变形体温度场和位移场的计算

本文用热源法对简单热传导问题进行了解析解的计算，并应用PDE工具箱求解热传导偏微分方程得到数值解。通过两种温度场的计算结果求出相应的位移场结果，比较可知MATLAB中PDE工具箱对难以用解析法求解的热传导问题有一定的指导作用。     

固溶处理对铝热-离心法制备的不锈钢衬层显微结构的影响

研究了铝热 -离心法制备的复合钢管中不锈钢内衬层的显微结构以及固溶处理对不锈钢层的显微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,不锈钢内衬层主要由奥氏体枝晶组成 ,枝晶间分布着一薄层铁素体。铁素体区内有AlNi金属间化合物析出。奥氏体和铁素体的相界面上有σ相析出。 1 0 0 0℃固溶处理可消除缓慢冷却过程中在不锈钢中形成的σ相和AlNi析出相 ,显著提高不锈钢的塑性 ,不锈钢内衬层的伸长率由处理前的 8%提高到处理后的 2 1 %。     

Ability of the direct wave of radar ground-coupled antenna for NDT of concrete structures

The research work presented in this paper aims at evaluating the potential of the direct wave of radar ground-coupled antennas for the on site physical characterization of concrete. According to studies highlighting the ability of radar reflected waves to characterize concrete, the potential of the direct wave is studied by systematic comparison of direct and reflected wave attenuations. Among the various features of electromagnetic waves propagating through concrete, attenuation is the most sensitive to moisture and chloride contents. In order to study the sensitivity of the direct wave to the physical condition of the concrete, laboratory experiments were conducted on concrete slabs with various porosities, water contents and chloride contamination levels.The results of this study show very satisfactory correlations between attenuations of direct and reflected waves, indicating that both waves provide similar information regarding the physical state of concrete. This correlation was confirmed on two bridges by comparison of direct wave attenuation maps with reflection attenuation maps. Therefore, radar interpretation method based on the direct wave attenuation should be able to detect, in a very fast way, physical contrasts in concrete structures and, consequently, identify probable pathological areas.     

伊利石在铝酸钠溶液中的反应脱硅过程研究

为了更清楚地了解伊利石在拜耳法溶出过程中的反应行为，本文对伊利石在合成铝酸钠溶液中的溶出动力学进行了研究，测得其活化能为114，73kJ/mol。并研究了溶液苛性碱浓度对伊利石的反应速率的影响；添加石灰可以有效的增加伊利石的反应率，提高脱硅效率。为拜耳法生产氧化铝的脱硅过程及防止结疤提供理论依据。     

电机铁芯冲片模冲槽废料回跳问题分析与解决

分析了电机铁芯冲片上嵌线槽在高速冲制过程中废料回弹的原因 ,并从凸、凹模结构形式及润滑油的使用等方面介绍了解决废料回弹的方法。     

二元稀土镁合金Mg-La和Mg-Nd的组织和性能

系统研究了二元稀土镁合金Mg-2%La(L2)和Mg-2%Nd(N2)的铸态显微组织、拉伸性能和抗蠕变性能.通过研究发现,L2铸态组织中有大量网状的Mg-Mg17La2的共晶相析出;而N2则以Mg12Nd离异共晶析出,析出物的数量少得多.N2合金在室温或者175℃条件下,强度和塑性都优于L2合金.N2合金的抗蠕变性能在175℃、70 MPa条件下比L2低近3个数量级.通过计算两种合金的应力指数和蠕变激活能,L2合金的蠕变机制是受晶界滑动控制的,而N2合金为位错攀移机制控制.     

固溶处理对电解制备的A356合金硅颗粒的影响

以电解低钛铝基合金为原料制备了A356合金,研究了在535℃下固溶处理时间对合金共晶硅相细化、球化和分布的影响.测量了硅颗粒的长径和短径,计算了颗粒的直径和长短径比值等参数,分析了上述参数随固溶时间的变化及其概率密度分布.实验结果表明:由该电解合金制备的A356合金经2～4 h的固溶处理,共晶硅就可得到较好的细化和球化效果,具有较高的分布集中度;A356合金的固溶处理时间可有效缩短.     

TRIZ理论中物质-场的不同应用

通过对飞机发动机机罩概念设计中的物-场分析，简要概括了在实际的概念设计中应该如何应用和把握物质-场分析的侧重点。