Effects of low radiation on the power quality of a distributed PV-grid connected system

We have previously investigated effects of radiation levels on power quality of a number PV-grid interactive systems in Thailand, in terms of harmonics and voltage variation at the point of common coupling (PCC). In this paper, we focus on the nature of components of complex power (actual, reactive and apparent power) of inverter output of a PV-grid interactive system due to low radiation, below 400 W/m². The system being investigated has an array of 4.2 kWp and representative of roof top units. It is observed that a PV array supplies increasing real power, in magnitude and as percentage of complex power, at high values of radiation. At low radiation level when the array does not provide enough output power, reactive power is drawn from distribution transformer and fed into an inverter and loads. Based on results from the test site and long term radiation data of Bangkok, we then estimate energy available from low radiation from a hypothetical PV-grid interactive unit in Bangkok of a similar size. It can be seen that for a tropical climate like Thailand a significant amount of energy, 20–30% of radiation energy, is in the form of reactive power. Methods must be devised to capture this low radiation energy and converted into real power form.     

Hardware system of the Earth Simulator

The Earth Simulator (ES), developed under the Japanese government’s initiative “Earth Simulator project”, is a highly parallel vector supercomputer system. In this paper, an overview of ES, its architectural features, hardware technology and the result of performance evaluation are described.

In May 2002, the ES was acknowledged to be the most powerful computer in the world: 35.86 teraflop/s for the LINPACK HPC benchmark and 26.58 teraflop/s for an atmospheric general circulation code (AFES). Such a remarkable performance may be attributed to the following three architectural features; vector processor, shared-memory and high-bandwidth non-blocking interconnection crossbar network.

The ES consists of 640 processor nodes (PN) and an interconnection network (IN), which are housed in 320 PN cabinets and 65 IN cabinets. The ES is installed in a specially designed building, 65 m long, 50 m wide and 17 m high. In order to accomplish this advanced system, many kinds of hardware technologies have been developed, such as a high-density and high-frequency LSI, a high-frequency signal transmission, a high-density packaging, and a high-efficiency cooling and power supply system with low noise so as to reduce whole volume of the ES and total power consumption.

For highly parallel processing, a special synchronization means connecting all nodes, Global Barrier Counter (GBC), has been introduced.     

High performance air pollution modeling for a power plant environment

The aim of this work is to provide a high performance air quality simulation using the STEM-II (Sulphur Transport Eulerian Model 2) program, a large-scale pollution modeling application. First, we optimize the sequential program with the aim of increasing data locality. Then, we parallelized the program using OpenMP directives for shared memory systems, and the MPI library for distributed memory machines. Performance results are presented for a SGI O2000 multiprocessor, a Fujitsu AP3000 multicomputer and a Cluster of PCs. Experimental results show that the parallel versions of the code achieve important reductions in the CPU time needed by each simulation. This will allow us to obtain results with adequate speed and reliability for the industrial environment where it is intended to be applied.     

高可用度的冗余UPS

简述通信行业标准《通信局(站)电源系统总技术要求》(YD/T1051)对UPS可用度的要求,介绍适用于电信系统的高可用度冗余UPS。     

Photoluminescence and X-ray Diffraction of Distributed Bragg Reflector

Spectral and structural characteristics of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers were studied with photoluminescence and double- crystal X- ray diffraction measurement. The expected high quality epitaxial DBR structure was verified. In the X- ray double- crystal rocking curves of DBR the zeroth- order peak, the first and second order satellite peaks were measured. Splitting of diffraction peak appeared in the rocking curves was analyzed. The effects of introduced deep energy levels on the structural perfection and optical properties were discussed.     

Enhancement of islanding-detection of distributed generation systems via wavelet transform-based approaches

In this paper, a wavelet transform-based approach is proposed to detect the occurrence of islanding events in distributed generation systems. Thanks to time–frequency localization capabilities exhibited by wavelet transform, the approach embedded with this transform technique has grasped the appearance of the islanding event in a highly effective manner. Moreover, for those regions which are in need of a better visualization, the proposed approach would serve as an efficient aid such that the mains power disconnection can be better distinguished. To validate the feasibility of this approach, the method has been validated through several scenarios. Test results supported the effectiveness of the method for the application considered.     

基于PVM的并行Lisp机制与实现

本文提出了一种基于分布存储结构和消息传递平台的并行Ｌｉｓｐ语言，给出了Ｌｉｓｐ语言的并行机制，举例说明了并行Ｌｉｓｐ程序的设计方法，并用一个实际系统ＰＡＲＬｉｓｐ阐明了在ＰＶＭ上的主要实现方法，给出了性能测试结果。     

Adaptive boundary control for unstable parabolic PDEs—Part II: Estimation-based designs

The certainty equivalence approach to adaptive control is commonly used with two types of identifiers: passivity-based identifiers and swapping identifiers. The “passive” (also known as “observer-based”) approach is the prevalent identification technique in existing results on adaptive control for PDEs but has so far not been used in boundary control problems. The swapping approach, prevalent in finite-dimensional adaptive control is employed here for the first time in adaptive control of PDEs. For a class of unstable parabolic PDEs we prove a separation principle result for both the passive and swapping identifiers combined with the backstepping boundary controllers. The result is applicable in any dimension. For physical reasons we restrict our attention to dimensions no higher than three. The results of the paper are illustrated by simulations.     

Virtual teamwork in very large undergraduate classes

Collaborative work is an important part of tertiary education but it is very difficult to arrange and supervise for extremely large classes of students in their first year. The possibility that computer-mediated communication can be used to facilitate this type of learning is appealing from a pragmatic organisational point of view. This paper explains in detail what a ‘virtual team’ is in the educational context. It reports on an interpretive field study where students taking an introductory course were allowed to choose where and when they did the required collaborative work. The paper discusses the factors that should be taken into account when offering students the option of working as a virtual team. These include factors that influence the students’ choice. The project cannot be considered to have been successful but indicates reasons for the lack of success and suggests contexts in which it would be valuable to repeat the project. The importance of extensive preparation in terms of teaching the students necessary social and technological skills cannot be over emphasised.