基于历史数据和多目标优化的测试用例排序方法

针对如何提高测试用例序列的揭错效率和回归测试效益问题,提出一种基于历史数据和多目标优化的测试用例排序方法。首先,根据测试用例的文本主题相似性和代码覆盖相似性对测试用例集进行聚类,并根据历史执行信息对测试用例间的执行失败关系进行关联规则挖掘,从而为后续过程做准备;然后,利用多目标优化算法对每个类簇内的测试用例进行排序,在此之后生成最终排序序列,使相似的测试用例分隔开;最后,利用测试用例间的关联规则,动态调整测试用例执行次序,从而使可能失败的测试用例优先执行,以进一步提高缺陷检测效率。与随机排序方法、基于聚类的排序方法、基于主题模型的排序方法、基于关联规则和多目标优化的排序方法相比,所提方法的平均故障检测率（APFD）平均值分别提高了12.59%、5.98%、3.01%和2.95%,基于成本的平均故障检测率（APFDc）平均值分别提高了17.17%、5.04%、5.08%和8.21%。实验结果表明,所提方法能有效提高回归测试效益。     

水风光互补适应性调度的集合卡尔曼滤波方法北大核心CSCD

水风光互补是实现能源转型、助力碳中和的重要途径。传统的水风光互补中长期调度模型,忽略了气候变化和人类活动引起的水风光资源变异,得到的静态调度规则难以适应变化环境。为此,本研究采用集合卡尔曼滤波技术开展适应性调度研究。首先进行确定性优化调度,得到最优运行轨迹;其次识别调度函数的决策变量与自变量,构建线性调度函数;最后采用集合卡尔曼滤波动态更新调度函数的参数,形成适应性调度规则。以锦屏一级水电站及周边风、光电站为实例,研究表明适应性调度规则较常规调度和静态调度,在检验期年均发电量分别提高6.45亿k W·h和0.53亿k W·h,说明论文所提方法可有效追踪最优轨迹的变化来适应变化环境。     

A decision support tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer based upon Fuzzy ARTMAP

This paper presents research into the application of the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network model to the diagnosis of cancer from fine-needle aspirates of the breast. Trained fuzzy ARTMAP networks are differently pruned so as to maximise accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The differently pruned networks are then employed in a cascade of networks intended to separate cases into certain and suspicious classes. This mimics the predictive behaviour of a human pathologist. The fuzzy ARTMAP model also provides symbolic rule extraction facilities and the validity of the derived rules for this domain is discussed. Additionally, results are provided showing the effects upon network performance of different input features and different observers. The implications of the findings are discussed.     

A dialectical model of assessing conflicting arguments in legal reasoning

Inspired by legal reasoning, this paper presents a formal framework for assessing conflicting arguments. Its use is illustrated with applications to realistic legal examples, and the potential for implementation is discussed. The framework has the form of a logical system for defeasible argumentation. Its language, which is of a logic-programming-like nature, has both weak and explicit negation, and conflicts between arguments are decided with the help of priorities on the rules. An important feature of the system is that these priorities are not fixed, but are themselves defeasibly derived as conclusions within the system. Thus debates on the choice between conflicting arguments can also be modelled.The proof theory of the system is stated in dialectical style, where a proof takes the form of a dialogue between a proponent and an opponent of an argument. An argument is shown to be justified if the proponent can make the opponent run out of moves in whatever way the opponent attacks. Despite this dialectical form, the system reflects a declarative, or relational approach to modelling legal argument. A basic assumption of this paper is that this approach complements two other lines of research in AI and Law, investigations of precedent-based reasoning and the development of procedural, or dialectical models of legal argument.Supported by a research fellowship of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and by Esprit WG 8319 Modelage.     

网络侵权行为的认定与分析

文章以案例形式分析了网络侵权行为,介绍了《侵权责任法》第36条第2款规定的＂提示规则＂以及第3款规定的＂知道规则＂。文章进一步通过分析＂提示规则＂以及＂知道规则＂,从法理上厘清了争议焦点—网络服务提供商是否＂知道＂或者说＂应当知道＂其行为存在或构成侵权行为。     

一种分布式防火墙规则冲突的检测算法

为解决分布式防火墙中因规则冲突而导致策略异常问题,提出了一种基于XML的DFW策略异常的发现算法;该算法在分布式防火墙系统中,对于处在不同防火墙策略中的每条规则,设计一棵单根结点的树来表示分布式防火墙策略,即策略树(Policy Tree),然后通过集合全部的策略树,完成防火墙之间策略异常的发现过程;通过对算法的模拟运行,发现该算法在速度性能和可伸缩性方面较其他算法有很大的改进。     

On the 2-tuples based genetic tuning performance for fuzzy rule based classification systems in imbalanced data-sets

When performing a classification task, we may find some data-sets with a different class distribution among their patterns. This problem is known as classification with imbalanced data-sets and it appears in many real application areas. For this reason, it has recently become a relevant topic in the area of Machine Learning.The aim of this work is to improve the behaviour of fuzzy rule based classification systems (FRBCSs) in the framework of imbalanced data-sets by means of a tuning step. Specifically, we adapt the 2-tuples based genetic tuning approach to classification problems showing the good synergy between this method and some FRBCSs.Our empirical results show that the 2-tuples based genetic tuning increases the performance of FRBCSs in all types of imbalanced data. Furthermore, when the initial Rule Base, built by a fuzzy rule learning methodology, obtains a good behaviour in terms of accuracy, we achieve a higher improvement in performance for the whole model when applying the genetic 2-tuples post-processing step. This enhancement is also obtained in the case of cooperation with a preprocessing stage, proving the necessity of rebalancing the training set before the learning phase when dealing with imbalanced data.     

Fast k most similar neighbor classifier for mixed data (tree k-MSN)

The k nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier has been a widely used nonparametric technique in Pattern Recognition, because of its simplicity and good performance. In order to decide the class of a new prototype, the k-NN classifier performs an exhaustive comparison between the prototype to classify and the prototypes in the training set T. However, when T is large, the exhaustive comparison is expensive. For this reason, many fast k-NN classifiers have been developed, some of them are based on a tree structure, which is created during a preprocessing phase using the prototypes in T. Then, in a search phase, the tree is traversed to find the nearest neighbor. The speed up is obtained, while the exploration of some parts of the tree is avoided using pruning rules which are usually based on the triangle inequality. However, in soft sciences as Medicine, Geology, Sociology, etc., the prototypes are usually described by numerical and categorical attributes (mixed data), and sometimes the comparison function for computing the similarity between prototypes does not satisfy metric properties. Therefore, in this work an approximate fast k most similar neighbor classifier, for mixed data and similarity functions that do not satisfy metric properties, based on a tree structure (Tree k-MSN) is proposed. Some experiments with synthetic and real data are presented.     

Mass function derivation and combination in multivariate data spaces

In this paper, we consider the problem of how to derive mass functions systematically from data samples. We also consider the ensuing problem of how to combine different mass functions derived in this way. We show that a mass function can be efficiently and systematically derived from multivariate data. We also demonstrate that combining mass functions obtained in this manner can be done easily. The way of deriving and combining mass functions is illustrated with a simple example.     

Intelligently tuned wavelet parameters for GPS/INS error estimation

This paper presents a new algorithm for de-noising global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS) data and estimates the INS error using wavelet multi-resolution analysis algorithm (WMRA)-based genetic algorithm (GA) with a well-designed structure appropriate for practical and real time implementations because of its very short training time and elevated accuracy. Different techniques have been implemented to de-noise and estimate the INS and GPS errors. Wavelet de-noising is one of th...