立体思维视阈下中国画笔墨本质功能剖析

国画界长期以来对笔墨持有多种态度,众说纷纭,没有统一共识,遇到了前所未有的认识瓶颈。本文运用笔墨特性从技法→语言体系→艺术效果的树状逻辑,分析笔墨在当代艺术科学体系中的本质功能,从而得出结论：笔墨技法不能超越造型基本功对画面语言丰富性的表达;也不能取代画面构成关系的主导地位。     

Grey and black-box modelling based on neural networks and artificial immune systems applied to solid dissolution by rotating disc method

The dissolution rates of urea, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium carbonate in water and aqueous solutions were determined using the rotating disc technique. The experiments showed that the dissolution rate increases with increasing disc surface area, temperature, and rotating speed, while it decreases with the solute concentration increase in the dissolution medium. The comparison between experimental values for the dissolution rate and those calculated from Levich equation evidenced a satisfactory agreement in the case of the urea dissolution and poor compliance for the sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate dissolution. This poor results and the lack of a good model for making predictions in different situations determined the generation of empirical and semiempirical models (black and grey box approaches) which include neural networks developed with Clonal Selection algorithm (belonging to the Artificial Immune System class) and combination between neural network and phenomenological model. Satisfactory results were obtained with neural networks (black box models) and hybrid models (grey box models).     

Potentiometric study of the interaction of Cr and O ions in fused NaCl-2CsCl eutectic

The physical and chemical properties of chromium chlorides have been studied in fused NaCl-2CsCl eutectic at the temperature range 843-1008 K using an electrochemical cell containing a platinum-oxygen electrode with solid electrolyte membrane, which was used as pO²⁻ indicator electrode. The concentration of oxygen ions in the solution was modifying by dropping the calculated amount of BaO. Titration of Cr³⁺ chlorocomplex by O²⁻ ions demonstrated the precipitation of CrOCl and Cr₂O₃. The solubility constants of these compounds were calculated. E-pO²⁻ and three-dimensional E-pO²⁻-T type diagrams, which summarized the properties of chromium species in the melt, were determined.     

离子膜烧碱中氢氧化钠和碳酸钠含量的测定

介绍了双指示剂法和GB/T11199-89乙法(GB4348.1)的含量测定方法,提出了混合指示剂法和GB629-81两种新测定方法,并总结了化学试剂测定方法在离子膜烧碱中氢氧化钠和碳酸钠含量测定中的应用实践。     

A new approach for improved identification of measurement bias

This work presents a technique that can completely and accurately identify measurement bias in cases where it is not possible to use the method of Rollins and Davis (1992, 1993) and where the method of Narasimhan and Mah (1987) fail to perform accurately. This technique makes use of information contained in the relationship between individual measurements and the corresponding nodal imbalance. The performance of this method is demonstrated on a problem from the literature that has been difficult for other methods to handle. In addition, this article discusses how the new technique can be used as a visual monitoring tool for identifying biased measured variables.     

聚酯漆的消光方法

介绍了聚酯漆的消光方法及其特点,并根据哑光聚酯漆配方设计的要求对各组成成份进行了选择。     

万家寨大坝888.8m高程廊道的渗漏处理

介绍了万家寨水利枢纽廊道混凝土渗漏水缺陷分类及特征,且就渗水裂缝施工原则、材料性能、不同渗漏水裂缝施工工艺进行简要论述。     

Case study of safe lowering of an in service gas pipeline

This paper describes an experimental investigation carried out involving instrumentation, measurement and monitoring of stresses in a large diameter gas pipeline during its lowering operations. It also highlights the ingenious techniques developed and adopted to overcome the difficulties pertaining to long leadwires, measurement of existing strains on the curved surface of a pipeline and protection of strain gauge installations. These novel methods were used to ensure smooth and proper functioning of strain gauge instrumentation even under the severe field conditions at site for more than two weeks, till the lowering operations and pipeline monitoring was successfully completed.     

La2O3对TiAl合金激光熔覆γ/Cr7C3/TiC 复合材料涂层组织与性能的影响

研究了添加不同含量稀土氧化物La2O3对TiAl合金预涂NiCr-Cr3C2混合粉末激光熔覆复合材料涂层组织、耐磨性及抗氧化性能的影响，分析了La2O3的作用机理。结果表明，激光熔覆涂层的组织主要由大量较规则初生块状Cr2C3，细小粒状或树枝状TiC以及γ／Cr2C3共晶组成；随着La2O3的加入，初生相明显细化、球化，共晶组织数量增多，适当的(质量分数4％）La2O3的添加能提高涂层的硬度、韧性和耐磨性，并改善其抗氧化性能。这主要是由于稀土元素对显微组织的细化和涂层的净化作用，显微组织的细化提高了涂层的强度、韧性和硬度，而涂层的净化可以降低其夹杂物的含量，进而提高氧化膜的致密性和附着性，这些都有利于提高其耐磨性和抗氧化性。