EPA协议一致性测试方法研究

研究了EPA协议一致性测试原理、静态测试与动态测试方法及其实现技术；参照TFCN的结构框架定义了一种描述EPA抽象测试集的类形式化语言，提出了EPA协议实现一致性说明和协议实施附加信息的生成方法；研发了一种EPA协议一致性测试的方法，并以变量写服务的测试为例，说明了EPA协议一致性测试系统的测试过程。通过EPA一致性测试系统的实际应用，证明这种测试方法能够准确测试出被测协议实现与标准的一致程度。     

EPA实时工业以太网通信协议的研究

EPA标准是我国提出的一种工业以太网实时通信系统规范,适用于自动化仪器仪表之间以及工业自动化控制系统和仪器仪表间的通信。在介绍了通信协议模型以及设备间通信过程的基础上,对EPA协议栈进行了模块化设计,并重点叙述了通信调度实体的实现。基于ARM7和μC/OS-Ⅱ构建的平台,实现了数据采集装置的EPA通信。同时,这对EPA实时工业以太网通信协议的研究也具有重要的意义。     

基于EWS的EPA蓝牙数据采集系统设计

针对基于EPA协议的工业现场远程访问和监控问题,简述基于MPURabbit2000的EPA蓝牙数据采集系统的工作原理,利用MPU内部的TCP/IP协议栈和DynamicC开发工具,给出有关软件实现的代码框架结构。在此基础上,进行系统的嵌入式Web服务器设计。通过CGI通信程序的设计及在系统界面浏览中的应用,验证设计的可行性。该设计对嵌入式系统应用于工厂现场的无线Web接入具有重要的参考价值。     

利用气相色谱法分析不同萃取方法对鱼油中EPA、DHA含量的影响

本文利用气相色谱法(GC)对鱼油中的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)进行了定量分析,探究了快速检测EPA、DHA的分析条件,并以黄鲛鱼鱼胃为原料,利用建立的色谱分析方法分别测定了超声强化亚临界水萃取法、超声波辅助溶剂萃取法、酶解提取法和超临界CO₂萃取法获得的鱼油样品中的EPA和DHA的含量。结果显示:EPA的出峰时间是10.015 min,DHA的出峰时间是16.500 min。升温程序和分流比会显著影响目标峰(EPA、DHA)与其相邻峰的分离度R₁和R₂(p<0.01)。该法与国标GB5009.168-2016中的脂肪酸色谱分析方法相比,具有针对性强(可快速检测EPA、DHA)、准确性高、重现性好和快速高效的特点,样品分析时间由82 min缩短至18 min。在最佳分析条件下,上前述四种萃取方法获得鱼油中含有的EPA的检出量依次是54.67、35.23、40.13、33.40 mg/g,DHA的检出量依次是134.01、77.50、102.30、67.31 mg/g。     

基于EPA协议的精确时钟同步方法

工业以太网中通讯链路的不对称性,使得IEEE1588协议中的从时钟偏差计算方法并不适用.本文在EPA(Ether-net for Plant Automation)协议中CSME(Communication Scheduling Management Entity)算法调度的基础上分析了IEEE1588时间同步协议,提出了一种从时钟同步于主时钟的加权修正算法,同时应用晶振频率补偿算法,使得满足了基于EPA协议的工业以太网系统中同步数据采集和控制的实时性要求.采用硬件描述语言(Verilog HDL)和现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)实现了这种硬件时钟同步方法.该方法解决了传统的基于片上系统(SOC)时钟同步方案中时间戳不稳定、同步精度低等问题.使用Xilinx Spartan3 XC3S1500的FPGA验证了主从时钟的一致性,160ns的标准偏差和50ns的时间偏差平均值的测试结果证明了本文中算法较之协议中原算法的优越性.该方法也为集成现有网卡芯片的系统提供了一种高性价比和高精度的时钟同步解决方案.     

工业以太网非实时通信带宽的测量

介绍了工业以太网及其实时性,分析了在工业以太网中需要确定通信调度的原因,给出了测量非实时通信带宽的意义.讨论了非实时通信带宽的基本概念,并结合EPA网络给出了测量非实时通信带宽的方法,重点介绍了EPA网络某一链路上瓶颈带宽的测量.测试中控制台PC控制测试流程、设置测试参数以及结果的显示,测试代理PC执行具体的测试任务.实际测试证明测量方法可行,测试结果表明所测网络达到了要求的指标.     

基于EPA网络协议仪表节点的设计

随着计算机技术、微电子技术和通信技术的飞速发展,使得传统的控制系统（如DCS等）在结构上和性能上都发生了巨大的飞跃,逐步形成以网络集成自动化系统为基础的企业信息系统即现场总线系统。针对工业测量与控制系统网络通信特点,以以太网（和无线技术）、TCP/IP为基础的《用于工业测量与控制系统的EPA通信标准》被浙江大学等提出。在此研究中,一个能够通过EPA网桥就直接挂接在EPA网络上的智能测量节点被设计,在现有的开放的TCP/IP协议栈下EPA协议栈被实现。     

Fatty Acid Profile of Pacific Oyster,Crassostrea gigas,Fed Different Ratios of Dietary Seaweed and Microalgae during Broodstock Conditioning

The fatty acid (FA) profile of oysters generally reflects the dietary FA composition. Moreover, incorporation of FA into tissues is modulated by various metabolic factors, and final composition will depend upon the dietary sources, cumulative intake, and oysters' development stage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary incorporation of seaweed (SW) Ulva rigida, in replacement of traditional microalgae diet, on the FA composition of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas, during broodstock conditioning. The dietary conditioning consisted of direct replacement of microalgae (33% Tisochrysis lutea, 50.25% Skeletonema costatum, and 16.75% Chaetoceros calcitrans) by SW at four different substitution levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% diet). The dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n-3) contents showed a positive correlation with the dietary microalgae level. During the trial, oysters fed with higher percentages of microalgae revealed a depletion of DHA and accumulation of EPA. The 100% SW caused a significant reduction in oxygen consumption and, consequently, in the standard metabolic rate. Based on these results, a partial substitution of up to 25% of dietary microalgae seems to be a suitable alternative, because it elicited similar results to the commercial 100% microalgae diet.     

Evaluation of antioxidative capacity and lipidomics profiling of big eye tuna (Thunns obesus) head soup with different colloidal particle size

Big eye tuna head soups with different colloidal particle sizes were prepared through various filtration ways, and their antioxidative capacities and lipidomics profiling were evaluated. The original soup (OGS) (filtrated by gauze) had the highest antioxidative activities in chemical evaluation methods. Meanwhile, OGS and microfiltration soup (MFS) (micro filtrated by 0.45 μm membrane) showed higher cellular antioxidant activities (CAA) at 20 and 40 times dilution of soup, and ultrafiltration soup (UFS) (100 ku ultrafiltration) has stronger CAA at low dilution ratios (5 and 10 times) in HepG2 cells. There were 631 lipid molecular species detected in the soup, and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA and DHA) were mainly attached in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules, respectively. Based on the results, a speculation that the lipid molecule profile, especially the distribution of EPA/DHA in different lipid molecules, might contribute to the diversities of size of self-assembled colloidal particles and antioxidative activities was concluded in this study.     

Microwave-Assisted,Base-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Seeds and Fish Oil Supplements

Growing health awareness has resulted in the increased use of dietary supplements derived from plants and marine sources, leaving consumers unsure of their best options. There were three objectives of the present study. The first was to design and evaluate an efficient derivatization procedure. The second was to perform a comparative analysis of liquid oils and their corresponding capsules of hemp, chia, and flax seeds. The final objective was to determine the fatty acid (FA) composition of six fish oil products and compare it to the one provided on the label. For the FA profiling, we implemented two efficient, one-step, sustainable methods with high percentage recovery for the synthesis of FA methyl esters (FAME), which use base catalysis and microwave-assisted heating. Our results found no difference in nutritional value between liquid oils and capsules of the seed supplements, with flaxseed and chia offering a higher, beneficial n-3:n-6 ratio compared to hemp oil. Four of the fish oils analyzed contained significantly less eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than their reported label, and the other two not only agreed with the manufacturers' declaration but were able to fulfill the daily adequate intake (AI) with fewer capsules.