中国南方农田蒸散量实测及其影响因素分析

利用基于闭路QCLAS-EC激光分析仪的涡度相关法对湖南省岳阳市郊区的一片蔬菜地的实际蒸散发、水汽通量以及潜热通量进行了连续两年的野外观测,并对原始观测数据进行处理,计算蒸散量,以分析研究区域实际蒸散量的年际尺度周期变化趋势和季节变化规律。结果表明,实验区域全年蒸散量在730~803 mm之间;季节变化大,8月达到全年最高水平3.5 mm/d,而1月只有0.4 mm/d。整个研究区域实测蒸散量变化规律是:春夏季较高,秋冬季较低;种植季较高,非种植季较低;每天的正午以及下午较高,夜晚较低。此外,利用高分辨率的实测工具观察不同的农业活动对实际蒸散的影响,发现种植引起蒸散发上升,收割引起蒸散发下降,并且收割使蒸散发下降的幅度要明显高于种植使蒸散发上升的幅度;灌溉对蒸散发有促进作用但是作用较小,施肥对蒸散发的影响目前尚不明确。     

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS WITH NONSUBMERGED VEGETATION

Results of several Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of open channel flows with non-submerged vegetation are presented in this article. It is shown that the vegetation can make the flow structure in the mainstream direction uniform for both supercritical and subcritical flows. For subcritical flows, the LES results of the ensemble-average of time-averaged velocity distributions at four vertical sections around a single plant are in good agreement with measurements. The velocity sees double peaks at the upper and lower positions of flows. For supercritical flows, the ensemble-average velocities see some discrepancy between LES and measurement results. Some secondary flow eddies appear near the single plant, and they just locate in the positions of the double peaks in stream-wise velocity profiles. It is also found that the vegetation drag coefficient deceases as the Froude number increases.     

一种基于最小特征根分析的直线检测算法

本文利用直线上的点具有的共线性特征来进行直线检测.连续边界上像素点坐标的统计可以构成一协方差矩阵,理论上证明了共线性特征可用此协方差矩阵的最小特征根描述,并发现:最小特征根值越小,这些像素点的共线性越好.由此提出了一种快速、强健的直线检测算法.理论分析与试验结果表明,此方法大大加快了直线提取的速度,并具有较好的直线检测效果.     

Eddy Current Detection of Retained Austenite in Ni-Hard4 Cast Iron

In this article, the nondestructive eddy current (EC) method was used for microstructural evaluation of Ni-hard4 cast iron (NiHCI). Different destabilizing heat treatments were used to produce different microstructures and hardness. The microstructural analysis and hardness measurement were done for conventional characterization of the reference blocks. Then, the EC techniques were applied to evaluate the hardness and microstructural changes by the detection of EC parameters at different frequencies. Metallurgical investigations showed that increasing the destabilizing soaking time and temperature decreases the amount of retained austenite in NiHCIs. The nondestructive evaluation method (NDT) revealed that it can be good correlated between retained austenite amount and hardness with EC parameters. This shows that the EC technique can detect NiHCIs products according to the metallurgical characterization with good accuracy.     

Limit behaviors of extended Kalman filter as a parameter estimator for a sinusoidal signal

In this note, the basic limit behaviors of the solution to Riccati equation in the extended Kalman filter as a parameter estimator for a sinusoidal signal are analytically investigated by using lim sup and lim inf in advanced calculus. We show that if the covariance matrix has a limit, then it must be a zero matrix.     

Uncertainty Analyses of Neutron Cross Sections for 235U in the Resonance Region

The helium embrittlement behavior of 316FR austenitic stainless steel was investigated by a tensile test at 750°C using miniature tensile specimens, which were helium-implanted below 100°C up to 5, 30, and 100 appm using a cyclotron accelerator, and were post-implantation-annealed at 750°C for 10 and 100 h. The helium-implanted specimens showed a fully intergranular fracture regardless of the helium concentration and annealing time. No microstructural changes in the as-implanted specimen up to 30 appm and formation of a small number of helium bubbles due to the post-implantation annealing were observed. The gradual release of the helium during the tensile test started after the yielding, and a sharp peak of the helium release was detected in the final fracture phase. The total number of helium atoms released was strongly dependent on the implanted helium concentration, rather than on the annealing time.     

35MeV以下56Fe(n,p)56Mn反应截面及协方差评价

56Fe(n,p)56Mn通常作为标准反应来监测中子场通量,该反应截面数据的准确性直接影响到活化法测量结果的精确度,进而影响到实验待测物理量的精度。本文开展了56Fe(n,p)56Mn反应截面实验测量数据评价工作与协方差计算工作,首先系统分析EXFOR中现有的56Fe(n,p)56Mn反应截面实验测量数据,对实验数据进行了归纳总结分析,并从中子源、测量方法、探测器类型等方面对56Fe(n,p)56Mn直接测量实验数据进行评价。然后,拟合给出适用入射中子能量区间为295～35 MeV的激发曲线。随后,针对评价中重点推荐的实验数据开展了关联协方差矩阵的计算工作。最后,使用核反应计算程序TALYS对56Fe(n,p)56Mn激发曲线进行了调参计算并和评价数据进行了比较分析。该工作拓展了现有的中子活化反应截面实验数据的评价方法,结果提高了35 MeV以下中子诱发56Fe(n,p)56Mn反应的评价数据精度。     

Wishart分布矩阵行列式值的统计特性及其在参数估计中的应用

 极化协方差矩阵行列式值表征了Pol-SAR图像目标散射极化散布程度,它在参数估计中表现出突出的优势,研究行列式值的物理内涵及其统计特性对揭示行列式值的优势的本质有着重要的理论价值.在此背景下,将表征目标散射极化散布程度的标准行列式值与表征目标散射随机性的极化熵、极化散度进行了比较,给出了它们与平面极化度和方向极化度的数学关系,指出他们在描述目标散射随机特性方面具有部分一致性,存在差异的本质在于三个随机性描述参数对极化方向随机度和平面极化度的加权方法的不同.然后研究了极化协方差矩阵行列式值的统计分布特性,给出了极化协方差矩阵行列式值的概率密度函数,指出在视图数和样本数足够的情况下,其行列式值的测量均值是渐进无偏估计.针对样本数较少时等效视图数参数估计误差较大的问题提出了最大似然修正算法,提高了小样本数目时的等效视图数参数估计精度.最后用仿真数据对理论推导进行了验证,结果表明了理论结果的正确性.极化协方差矩阵行列式值的统计特性和目标散射随机性参数的研究为目标极化散射随机特性、参数估计和目标检测等的研究提供了新思路.     

基于协方差匹配技术的互耦和幅相误差联合校正算法

 提出了基于协方差匹配技术的均匀线阵互耦和幅相误差联合校正算法.首先,根据协方差匹配技术中的目标函数和均匀线阵的误差模型,设计了一种交替迭代算法用以实现各种参数的优化计算.接着,为了避免该算法中的每轮循环迭代都需要进行波达方向估计这一复杂环节,利用理想条件均匀线阵协方差阵的Toeplitz性,给出了另一种改进型交替迭代算法用以减少计算复杂度.与基于子空间技术的阵列误差校正方法相比,文中的两种新算法可直接利用信源的统计特性,并且适用于不同的高斯噪声模型(例如噪声功率不一致),仿真实验验证了新算法的有效性和优越性.     

基于特征结构的频谱感知算法

为了全面认识当前的认知无线电频谱感知技术,深入研究基于特征结构的多节点合作频谱感知算法,将近年来发展的随机矩阵理论(RMT)引入到频谱感知领域,使得频谱感知性能得到提高,有可能在实际应用中实现频谱感知。通过阐述基于采样协方差矩阵及特征值类的合作频谱感知方法的基本原理,归纳其主要特点,推导出检测门限的确定方法。通过基于Matlab的仿真实验,对比和验证算法的感知性能。最后展望该方向下一步的研究趋势。