基于ATmega128单片机的汽车太阳能充电控制器

利用车上太阳能电池驱动换风扇并作为汽车电瓶辅助充电电源。由ATmega128为核心构成太阳能电池驱动换风扇和电瓶充电的控制系统。这个控制器测量车内外温度、太阳能电池电压、汽车电瓶电压,根据车内外温差自动控制换气风扇工作,根据太阳能电池输出状态和电瓶状态控制充电过程。最后,基于给出的软硬件设计构建了实验系统,进行了实验和总结。     

关于电子皮带秤挂码标定的探讨

在电子皮带秤称量输送物料的传输系统中,当出现对实物标定困难和安装位置不便于链码标定的计量点时,简单、易行的选择就是进行挂码标定。笔者就怎样减少挂码标定的误差,获得较高的标定精确度等,进行了探讨,可供相关专业参考。     

Ti5Nb人工钉扎中心NbTi超导体的磁通钉扎机制分析

采用棒基组合的装配方法，用热挤压和冷加工相结合的工艺制备了岛状Ti5Nb人工钉扎中心NbTi超导体，其中Ti5Nb体积含量为10％。通过对此超导体进行详细的磁通钉扎机制分析，认为样品的磁通钉扎力特征主要由正常相钉扎和Δκ扎相结合的机制决定。根据分析的结果，采用多源标度方法，很好地拟合了不同线径样品的磁通钉扎力密度随磁场变化的曲线。拟合的结果表明：样品在较低场下的性能主要由正常相钉扎机制决定，而在较高场下的性能主要由Δκ钉扎机制决定。并且随着线径的减小，正常相钉扎力密度和Δκ钉扎力密度均有不同程度的提高。     

电子陶瓷材料研究的一些新进展

随着电子科学技术的发展，用作电子材料的陶瓷的研究和开发十分引人注目，许多工厂和科研人员正在研究开发电子陶瓷新材料、新工艺和新器件，以满足电子科学技术的发展对高性能陶瓷材料的要求。本文简要介绍了电子陶瓷系统中绝缘体、介电质、压电体及铁电薄膜材料及其制备工艺和应用方面的一些新进展。     

OptaDOS: A tool for obtaining density of states,core-level and optical spectra from electronic structure codes

We present OptaDOS, a program for calculating core-electron and low-loss electron energy loss spectra (EELS) and optical spectra along with total-, projected- and joint-density of electronic states (DOS) from single-particle eigenenergies and dipole transition coefficients. Energy-loss spectroscopy is an important tool for probing bonding within a material. Interpreting these spectra can be aided by first principles calculations. The spectra are generated from the eigenenergies through integration over the Brillouin zone. An important feature of this code is that this integration is performed using a choice of adaptive or linear extrapolation broadening methods which we show produces higher accuracy spectra than standard fixed-width Gaussian broadening. OptaDOS  may be straightforwardly interfaced to any electronic structure code. OptaDOS  is freely available under the GNU General Public licence from http://www.optados.org.     

A hybrid intelligent system for medical data classification

In this paper, a hybrid intelligent system that consists of the Fuzzy Min–Max neural network, the Classification and Regression Tree, and the Random Forest model is proposed, and its efficacy as a decision support tool for medical data classification is examined. The hybrid intelligent system aims to exploit the advantages of the constituent models and, at the same time, alleviate their limitations. It is able to learn incrementally from data samples (owing to Fuzzy Min–Max neural network), explain its predicted outputs (owing to the Classification and Regression Tree), and achieve high classification performances (owing to Random Forest). To evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid intelligent system, three benchmark medical data sets, viz., Breast Cancer Wisconsin, Pima Indians Diabetes, and Liver Disorders from the UCI Repository of Machine Learning, are used for evaluation. A number of useful performance metrics in medical applications which include accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, as well as the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve are computed. The results are analyzed and compared with those from other methods published in the literature. The experimental outcomes positively demonstrate that the hybrid intelligent system is effective in undertaking medical data classification tasks. More importantly, the hybrid intelligent system not only is able to produce good results but also to elucidate its knowledge base with a decision tree. As a result, domain users (i.e., medical practitioners) are able to comprehend the prediction given by the hybrid intelligent system; hence accepting its role as a useful medical decision support tool.     

Evaluation of a haptics-based virtual reality temporal bone simulator for anatomy and surgery training

Introduction

Virtual reality simulation training may improve knowledge of anatomy and surgical skills. We evaluated a 3-dimensional, haptic, virtual reality temporal bone simulator for dissection training.

Methods

The subjects were 7 otolaryngology residents (3 training sessions each) and 7 medical students (1 training session each). The virtual reality temporal bone simulation station included a computer with software that was linked to a force-feedback hand stylus, and the system recorded performance and collisions with vital anatomic structures. Subjects performed virtual reality dissections and completed questionnaires after the training sessions.

Results

Residents and students had favorable responses to most questions of the technology acceptance model (TAM) questionnaire. The average TAM scores were above neutral for residents and medical students in all domains, and the average TAM score for residents was significantly higher for the usefulness domain and lower for the playful domain than students. The average satisfaction questionnaire for residents showed that residents had greater overall satisfaction with cadaver temporal bone dissection training than training with the virtual reality simulator or plastic temporal bone. For medical students, the average comprehension score was significantly increased from before to after training for all anatomic structures. Medical students had significantly more collisions with the dura than residents. The residents had similar mean performance scores after the first and third training sessions for all dissection procedures.

Discussion

The virtual reality temporal bone simulator provided satisfactory training for otolaryngology residents and medical students.     

Five-year experience with setup and implementation of an integrated database system for clinical documentation and research

In radiation oncology, where treatment concepts are elaborated in interdisciplinary collaborations, handling distributed, large heterogeneous amounts of data efficiently is very important, yet challenging, for an optimal treatment of the patient as well as for research itself. This becomes a strong focus, as we step into the era of modern personalized medicine, relying on various quantitative data information, thus involving the active contribution of multiple medical specialties. Hence, combining patient data from all involved information systems is inevitable for analyses. Therefore, we introduced a documentation and data management system integrated in the clinical environment for electronic data capture. We discuss our concept and five-year experience of a precise electronic documentation system, with special focus on the challenges we encountered. We specify how such a system can be designed and implemented to plan, tailor and conduct (multicenter) clinical trials, ultimately reaching the best clinical performance, and enhancing interdisciplinary and clinical research.     

A usability evaluation of medical software at an expert conference setting

Introduction

A usability test was employed to evaluate two medical software applications at an expert conference setting. One software application is a medical diagnostic tool (electrocardiogram [ECG] viewer) and the other is a medical research tool (electrode misplacement simulator [EMS]). These novel applications have yet to be adopted by the healthcare domain, thus, (1) we wanted to determine the potential user acceptance of these applications and (2) we wanted to determine the feasibility of evaluating medical diagnostic and medical research software at a conference setting as opposed to the conventional laboratory setting.

Methods

The medical diagnostic tool (ECG viewer) was evaluated using seven delegates and the medical research tool (EMS) was evaluated using 17 delegates that were recruited at the 2010 International Conference on Computing in Cardiology. Each delegate/participant was required to use the software and undertake a set of predefined tasks during the session breaks at the conference. User interactions with the software were recorded using screen-recording software. The ‘think-aloud’ protocol was also used to elicit verbal feedback from the participants whilst they attempted the pre-defined tasks. Before and after each session, participants completed a pre-test and a post-test questionnaire respectively.

Results

The average duration of a usability session at the conference was 34.69 min (SD = 10.28). However, taking into account that 10 min was dedicated to the pre-test and post-test questionnaires, the average time dedication to user interaction of the medical software was 24.69 min (SD = 10.28). Given we have shown that usability data can be collected at conferences, this paper details the advantages of conference-based usability studies over the laboratory-based approach. For example, given delegates gather at one geographical location, a conference-based usability evaluation facilitates recruitment of a convenient sample of international subject experts. This would otherwise be very expensive to arrange. A conference-based approach also allows for data to be collected over a few days as opposed to months by avoiding administration duties normally involved in laboratory based approach, e.g. mailing invitation letters as part of a recruitment campaign.Following analysis of the user video recordings, 41 (previously unknown) use errors were identified in the advanced ECG viewer and 29 were identified in the EMS application. All use errors were given a consensus severity rating from two independent usability experts. Out of a rating scale of 4 (where 1 = cosmetic and 4 = critical), the average severity rating for the ECG viewer was 2.24 (SD = 1.09) and the average severity rating for the EMS application was 2.34 (SD = 0.97). We were also able to extract task completion rates and times from the video recordings to determine the effectiveness of the software applications. For example, six out of seven tasks were completed by all participants when using both applications. This statistic alone suggests both applications already have a high degree of usability. As well as extracting data from the video recordings, we were also able to extract data from the questionnaires. Using a semantic differential scale (where 1 = poor and 5 = excellent), delegates highly rated the ‘responsiveness’, ‘usefulness’, ‘learnability’ and the ‘look and feel’ of both applications.

Conclusion

This study has shown the potential user acceptance and user-friendliness of the novel EMS and the ECG viewer applications within the healthcare domain. It has also shown that both medical diagnostic software and medical research software can be evaluated for their usability at an expert conference setting. The primary advantage of a conference-based usability evaluation over a laboratory-based evaluation is the high concentration of experts at one location, which is convenient, less time consuming and less expensive.     

基于虚拟磁盘的携带型操作系统加密方案

针对移动硬盘的加密系统分区无法被正确辨识而导致误格式化的问题,应用文件系统过滤驱动技术,结合硬盘主引导程序及分区表机理,对现有的基于虚拟磁盘的移动硬盘加解密方案进行了改进,在加密分区包含可运行操作系统的情况下,增加了盘符自动隐藏及恢复的功能。以开源加密软件Truecrypt为例,利用安装了视窗操作系统的固态移动硬盘进行测试。结果表明,在不影响加密操作系统正常运行的同时,盘符自动隐藏及恢复功能避免了用户的误格式化操作,从而提高了移动硬盘加密系统分区的安全性和隐蔽性。