高校大类招生：精英教育的一种推进模式

大类招生培养模式体现高等学校对精英人才的诉求。然而。本研究发现大类招生的一些基本亮点。如大类统一招生分数,学生在低年级实行大类管理．到高年级按学生兴趣分专业,实施平台加模块的课程设置体系等措施,并没有从实质上提升精英化培养水平;相反还促使了学校各专业之间的非平衡发展．存在大类下属专业协调困难,学生心理疾病增多,学生工作难度加大等问题。化解上述困境需要与大类培养相配套的更深层的教育改革,如按照大类培养要求设置院系。将大类招生与大类培养区别开来,平衡各专业生源结构,提供个别化指导服务等。     

Phototoxicity and fluorotoxicity combine to alter the behavior of neutrophils in fluorescence microscopy based flow adhesion assays

The use of fluorescent probes that allow visualization of leukocyte-endothelial cell (EC) interactions has greatly informed our understanding of leukocyte recruitment. However, effects of these agents on the biological functions of leukocytes are poorly described, leading to concerns about the interpretation of such data. Here we used two flow-based neutrophil adhesion assays to compare the effects of phase contrast illumination (PCI) with high intensity illumination (HII) used for fluorescent microscopy, in the presence or absence of five commonly used fluorochromes. Isolated neutrophils were either (1) perfused across P-selectin to establish a population of rolling cells, which were subsequently activated with fMLP; or (2) perfused across EC activated with TNF-alpha. In the absence of fluorescent dyes, HII did not affect levels of leukocyte adhesion; however, subsequent neutrophil behavior was dramatically altered when compared with cells under PCI, for example, dramatically reducing their migration velocities. In the presence of fluorescent dyes, the effects of HII were exacerbated, although the precise nature of the biological effects of these probes was agent specific. Thus, for the first time, our experiments describe the effects of fluorescent microscopy on the separate stages of the neutrophil recruitment process and reveal a previously unsuspected effect of HII on neutrophil migration.     

Communal Foraging Behavior and Recruitment Communication in Gloveria sp.

The caterpillars of Gloveria sp. mark trails with a pheromone they deposit by dragging the ventral surface of the tip of the abdomen along branch pathways as they move between their communal nest and distance feeding sites. The threshold sensitivity of the caterpillar for an extract prepared from the secretory site was approximately 0.5 × 10^–3 caterpillar equivalents/cm of trail. Bioassays show that Gloveria follows neither authentic trails of Malacosoma americanum nor artificial trails prepared from 5-cholestane-3-one, a chemical previously reported to elicit trail following from other social caterpillars. Although our observations show that fed caterpillars mark heavily as they return to their nest, we found no evidence that individual caterpillars are able to recruit hungry nestmates to new food finds. In this species, recruitment to food occurs only after many caterpillars have reinforced a trail to a newly discovered food source. In contrast, hungry caterpillars of the confamilial species M. americanum, tested under identical conditions, responded strongly to the postprandial trails of individual caterpillars and rapidly abandoned depleted sites in favor of new food finds. We postulate that the difference in the efficiency with which these two species recruit nestmates to food evolved in response to differences in the spatial distribution of their food supplies.     

基于深度学习的电力企业智能招聘系统的设计与实现

电力企业智能招聘系统对电力企业招贤纳才,提高电力企业市场竞争力具有至关重要的作用.本文将卷积神经网络作用于智能招聘系统原始图像,采用K均值聚类算法对图像进行识别,同时对招聘系统的用户管理模块、信息检索模块、求职管理模块以及安全验证模块进行了设计与实现.将深度学习的经典算法卷积神经网络应用于智能招聘系统中使得智能招聘系统...     

建筑电气与智能化本科专业现状及前景分析

文章分析了中国建筑电气与智能化本科专业的历史沿革和招生现状,凝练了该专业人才培养规格与知识体系,从空间地缘分布、时间发展趋势和行业就业特色的角度,剖析了招生、培养与就业需求、行业发展的矛盾,提出了矛盾解决方案,展望了专业发展前景。     

Understanding employee resourcing in construction organizations

In recent years the literature on employee resourcing has consistently advocated the importance of adopting a holistic, strategic approach to employee deployment decision making rather than adopting a reactive needs‐based approach. This is particularly problematic in construction where the multi‐project environment leads to constantly changing resource requirements and to changing demands over a project's life cycle. This can lead to inappropriate decisions, which fail to meet the longer‐term needs of both construction organizations and their employees. A structured and comprehensive understanding of the current project team deployment practices within large construction organizations was developed. Project deployment practices were examined within seven case study contracting firms. The emergent themes that shaped the decision‐making processes were grouped into five broad clusters comprising human resource planning, performance/career management, team deployment, employee involvement and training and development. The research confirms that a reactive and ad hoc approach to the function prevails within the firms investigated. This suggests a weak relationship between the deployment process and human resource planning, team deployment, performance management, employee involvement and training and development activities. It is suggested that strategic HR–business partnering could engender more transparent and productive relationships in this crucial area.     

Identifying the natural flow regime and the relationship with riparian vegetation for two contrasting western Australian rivers

The natural flow regime and the relationship between flows and riparian vegetation are described for sites on both the Blackwood River in south‐western Australia and the Ord River in north‐western Australia. Analysis of long‐term flow data showed the historic mean monthly river discharge for the Blackwood River is strongly seasonal and highly predictable with generally low variability each month. The Ord River showed a strong seasonality of flows with about 92% of the (total) yearly flow occurring between December and March. Flow variability was very high (e.g. coefficient of variation >100% for all months) but highly predictable, with this mostly attributed to low but constant dry‐season flows. Water depth, duration of flood events and the number of flood events per year show a significant correlation with aspects of the riparian vegetation within experimental vegetation plots. Results highlight the strong relationship between floristics, life form structure and population dynamics with stream hydrology. On the Blackwood River, species richness and cover of shrubs reduced with increased duration and frequency of flooding, while cover of exotic species and annual herbs increased with increased flooding. Germination of tree seedlings was not influenced by flood regime but size class of tree species increased with flooding frequency. On the Ord River, species richness was not influenced by flooding regime. However, cover of perennial grasses increased with flooding frequency whilst cover of shrubs decreased. There was no relationship between flooding and seedling establishment whilst tree size class decreased with increased flooding. The methods described here can be used to compare the response of different components of the riparian vegetation to different fluvial regimes (e.g. because of impoundment and abstraction). This technique can be expanded for the management of riparian zones and planning rehabilitation programmes. It may also be useful for improving the ecological knowledge base for setting environmental flows in regulated systems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimating contributions from nursery areas to fish stocks in freshwater systems using otolith fingerprints: The case of the streaked prochilod in the La Plata Basin (South America)

Stock composition studies using otolith fingerprints have scarcely been developed in freshwater systems. In this context, the La Plata Basin is the second largest fluvial‐marine system of South America, where Prochilodus lineatus is the most important fishery resource. Despite the basin importance, estimation of mixed stock composition has not been explored yet. In this paper, the contribution of the two main nursery areas to two fishing stocks (Uruguay and Paraná rivers) of P. lineatus was evaluated using otolith's core microchemistry, considering two groups: subadult (2 years) and adult (4 years). Estimates were made using two maximum likelihood methods. Chemical composition of young‐of‐year fish caught in nursery areas in 2010 was used as baseline of the models, whereas chemical composition of the core of subadult and adult otoliths was used as sample of unknown origin. Results suggest that the subadult stock from Paraná was not mixed (contribution ~ 100%), whereas the stock from Uruguay had a contribution from the Paraná nursery (1.5 ± 1.2–17.9 ± 3.96%). For the adults, the degree of mixing increased and the contribution from both nursery areas to the Paraná and Uruguay stocks varied between 14.8 ± 4.18% and 85.2 ± 4.18%, respectively. The potential application of otolith fingerprints and maximum likelihood mixture models is here highlighted for determining the relative importance of recruitment sources of fish in the La Plata Basin. Because the contributions of the different nursery areas shared among several nations in turn affect the composition of internationally shared stocks, comprehensive management agreements at the basin level are necessary.     

Growth,mortality and recruitment of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) in Lake Victoria,Kenya

This study investigated the growth, mortality and recruitment of Lates niloticus in Lake Victoria basis on length–frequency data collected during the period 2014‐2015. The asymptotic length (L _∞ ) had a value of 124 cm TL , growth curvature (K ) of 0.22 year^?1, total mortality (Z ) of 0.96 year^?1, a natural mortality (M ) of 0.42 year^?1, a fishing mortality (F ) of 0.54 year^?1, an exploitation rate (E ) of 0.57 and a growth performance index () of 3.53. Logistic selection model showed that 50% of fish of 46.09 cm TL encountering the gear are retained. There were two peak recruitment periods, a minor one in March and a major one in July, accounting for 12.04% and 22.04%, respectively, of the total fish catch. The Beverton and Holt's relative yield‐per‐recruit model indicated the indices for sustainable yields are 0.32 for optimum sustainable yield (E _0.5), 0.60 for maximum sustainable yield (E _max) and 0.51 for economic yield (E _0.1). Compared to previous findings, there is a great decline in the sizes of Nile perch stocks in Lake Victoria. Thus, managing the fishery requires strict adherence to the slot size of 50–85 cm TL , and restrictions on illegal gear and methods, by the devolved governments through monitoring, control and surveillance in liaison with the Beach Management Units (BMU s).     

The three Rs of river ecosystem resilience: Resources,recruitment, and refugia

Resilience in river ecosystems requires that organisms must persist in the face of highly dynamic hydrological and geomorphological variations. Disturbance events such as floods and droughts are postulated to shape life history traits that support resilience, but river management and conservation would benefit from greater understanding of the emergent effects in communities of river organisms. We unify current knowledge of taxonomic‐, phylogenetic‐, and trait‐based aspects of river communities that might aid the identification and quantification of resilience mechanisms. Temporal variations in river productivity, physical connectivity, and environmental heterogeneity resulting from floods and droughts are highlighted as key characteristics that promote resilience in these dynamic ecosystems. Three community‐wide mechanisms that underlie resilience are (a) partitioning (competition/facilitation) of dynamically varying resources, (b) dispersal, recolonization, and recruitment promoted by connectivity, and (c) functional redundancy in communities promoted by resource heterogeneity and refugia. Along with taxonomic and phylogenetic identity, biological traits related to feeding specialization, dispersal ability, and habitat specialization mediate organism responses to disturbance. Measures of these factors might also enable assessment of the relative contributions of different mechanisms to community resilience. Interactions between abiotic drivers and biotic aspects of resource use, dispersal, and persistence have clear implications for river conservation and management. To support these management needs, we propose a set of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and life‐history trait metrics that might be used to measure resilience mechanisms. By identifying such indicators, our proposed framework can enable targeted management strategies to adapt river ecosystems to global change.