面向等离子体材料钨中氘/氦滞留行为的研究进展

作为面向等离子体材料,钨(W)在服役的过程中不仅受到等离子体造成的高能热负荷的作用,还受到高束流粒子如氘(D)、氚(T)、氦(He)等的轰击和D-T聚变反应产生的高能中子的影响。W中D、T、He的滞留和起泡,仍是聚变堆装置中有待解决的关键问题之一。综述了D、T和He的滞留行为及其气泡形成与辐照条件之间的关系,简要评述了W的服役性能和强化机理。通过降低W中D/He滞留量、抑制气泡的形成可有效改善W的服役性能。深入研究D/He滞留行为与辐照缺陷之间的相互作用关系,进而构建D/He的宏观热脱附行为与其微观状态之间的对应关系,为寻找合适途径来改善W的服役性能提供理论支撑。     

新连接性指数与脂肪醇气相色谱保留指数的关系

基于定量结构-色谱保留相关(QSRR)研究醇类化合物的保留性质具有重要意义.通过对脂肪醇的研究,考虑到烷基和羟基的差异,修正文献,重新定义脂肪醇分子中顶点原子特征值ti,并在邻接矩阵的基础上构建新的连接性指数mL.运用多元线性回归法,将0阶指数0L、1阶指数1L与25种脂肪醇,在6种固定相(SE-30,OV-3,OV-...     

Customer Retention via Data Mining

``Customer Retention' is an increasingly pressing issue intoday's ever-competitive commercial arena. This is especially relevantand important for sales and services related industries. Motivated by areal-world problem faced by a large company, we proposed a solution thatintegrates various techniques of data mining, such as featureselection via induction, deviation analysis, and mining multipleconcept-level association rules to form an intuitive and novel approachto gauging customer loyalty and predicting their likelihood ofdefection. Immediate action triggered by these ``early-warnings'resulting from data mining is often the key to eventual customerretention.     

利用演化神经网络研究有机污染物色谱保留值

利用分子连接性指数作为分子的描述性参数,定量刻画两类主要环境污染物的分子结构,通过演化神经网络分别建立了多环芳烃（PAH）和酚两类有机污染物的结构与色谱保留值之间的定量关系。计算过程中,采用留十法（Ieave-10-out）对所有化合物进行了计算,并将计算值与实验值进行了比较。     

均匀湿颗粒材料边界滞回持水曲线的物理模型

非饱和土持水特性的滞回机理是土力学界的热点问题之一。将非饱和土看作“湿颗粒材料”并以“土-颗粒-系统”为视角更易认识其持水特性的滞回机理。以均匀湿颗粒材料为研究对象,用轴对称圆锥形孔隙内水分的充填和排出过程来模拟边界增、减湿过程,提出一种物理模型以描述其滞回特性的物理内涵,并利用已有文献中3种砂土和2种含黏砂土的持水试验结果验证了该模型在表征均匀湿颗粒材料边界滞回持水曲线时的有效性。该模型的优点在于不仅对同种均匀湿颗粒材料滞回的边界减、增湿持水曲线可采用同一组具有物理意义的参数模拟,而且可反映孔隙水内封闭气泡对持水曲线的影响。     

保水剂对草坪土壤持水特性影响研究

为了探明保水剂对草地种植条件下土壤水分特征曲线的影响,基于王全九等开发的入渗特性法进行了土壤水平入渗试验,得出了在草坪土壤中施用不同浓度保水剂的Brooks-Corey土壤水分特征曲线。结果表明：在低吸力段,相同水势下土壤含水量随保水剂施用浓度增大而增大,在高吸力段,相同水势下土壤含水量随保水剂施用浓度增大而减小;在0~1 bar范围内,施用保水剂处理的土壤水分特征曲线均匀降低,表明施用保水剂能够稳定而有效地供给植物所需水分。本研究可以为制定城市绿地草坪合理的灌溉制度和在草坪种植中合理推广使用保水剂提供理论依据。     

后曝气池HRT对双泥生物膜亚硝化反硝化除磷工艺的影响

目的 研究双泥生物膜亚硝化反硝化除磷工艺的最佳后曝气池水力停留时间(HRT).方法 通过改变后曝气池出水口位置的方法调节后曝气池HRT,研究不同后曝气池HRT条件下,双泥生物膜工艺的脱氮除磷性能和COD去除率的变化.结果 在后曝气池HRT为2.4h的条件下,系统COD平均去除率为66.68％,NH4-N平均去除率为88.41％,出水NH4+-N平均质量浓度为6.26 mg/L,大部分NH4-N都在前段反应中去除,同步亚硝化反硝化不受COD质量浓度的限制;TP平均去除率在94.88％左右,厌氧释磷率稳定在45.24％左右,缺氧吸磷率最大,维持在54.59％.HRT为4.8h时,TP平均去除率降至59.48％,可利用的COD质浓度逐渐减少,使运行后期的NH4-N氧化率下降.结论 对于长期运行的双泥生物膜亚硝化反硝化除磷工艺,保持后曝气池HRT为2.4h,系统出水COD值可满足排放标准,脱氮效果稳定,除磷效果最好.     

Drift and retention of pelagic spawning minnow eggs in a regulated river

Long‐distance drift of eggs and larvae has been identified as a possible cause of downstream displacement and poor recruitment of the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus; silvery minnow). Seven experiments were conducted using artificial eggs to estimate silvery minnow egg drift and retention in the Albuquerque and Isleta reaches of the regulated Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico, USA over a range of flows during expected spawning times. Bead retention varied by reach, discharge, and shape of the hydrograph. Highest retention (6.9 and 9.7% per km in the Albuquerque and Isleta reaches, respectively) occurred on the ascending limb of a high flow in areas where there was substantial floodplain inundation. Retention was maximized at different flows in each reach (97 and 140 m³/s, respectively), possibly associated with reach‐specific floodplain inundation thresholds. Lowest retention in each reach (2.1 and 1.7%, respectively) occurred on the descending limb of low and high flows, respectively. Of the silvery minnow eggs produced in the combined Albuquerque and Isleta reaches in 2005, 8–14% are predicted to have been retained in the Albuquerque Reach (67 km) and 49–83% in the Isleta Reach (86 km) based on the distribution of adult fish and measured bead retention rates. Although silvery minnow propagules are capable of drifting long distances, our study suggests that considerable retention occurs in the Middle Rio Grande. Habitat restoration to increase channel habitat complexity, and flow management to promote floodplain inundation should help to retain a greater proportion of propagules in upstream reaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.