Getting off on the right foot: Subjective value versus economic value in predicting longitudinal job outcomes from job offer negotiations.

Although negotiation experiences can affect a negotiator's ensuing attitudes and behavior, little is known about their long-term consequences. Using a longitudinal survey design, the authors tested the degree to which economic and subjective value achieved in job offer negotiations predicts employees' subsequent job attitudes and intentions concerning turnover. Results indicate that subjective value predicts greater compensation satisfaction and job satisfaction and lower turnover intention measured 1 year later. Surprisingly, the economic outcomes that negotiators achieved had no apparent effects on these factors. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

如何抓好国有企业精益生产三要素

为了实现国有企业精益生产,首先要抓好劳动生产率、存货周转率和设备开动率,劳动生产率要通过作业成本法反映出不增值的作业并予以消除,存货周转率关键是控制各个工序的存货到生产线节拍的最低水平,设备开动率要重点消除设备故障因素,通过这三个要素的改进．可以整体提高国有企业精益生产水平。     

职工持股计划在中国:理论上可行,实践上慎行

在对中美两国的职工持股计划进行分析后,本文认为职工持股计划在中国,理论上可行,但在实践中 需要谨慎行事。     

Fate of the 15N-labelled faeces fraction of dairy farm effluent (DFE) irrigated onto soils under different water regimes

Irrigation of dairy farm effluent (DFE) onto pasture is the preferred treatment method in New Zealand for this very dilute organic effluent. Whereas the dynamics of the urine fraction is comparatively well understood, there is a lack of data on the fate of the mainly organic faecal fraction. To improve our understanding of the complex turnover processes, we labelled both the inorganic and organic N compounds of the faecal fraction of DFE with ¹⁵N. We then measured the ¹⁵N dynamics in various soil and plant fractions in a laboratory experiment at two water contents for up to 254 days. Feeding a dairy cow with ¹⁵N-labelled pasture yielded faeces that had a mean ¹⁵N abundance of 2.95 atom%. Unlabelled urine and water were added to the labelled faeces to construct the DFE, which contained 90.4% of the ¹⁵N in the organic nitrogen fraction (2.87 atom%) and 9.6% in the ammonium fraction (1.23 atom%). As N turnover and losses depend on the method of application and the soil structure, we simulated field conditions by surface-applying our DFE onto intact soil cores with pasture. Two soil water treatments were imposed; dry (30% water content) and wet (water table at 17 cm below the soil surface). The surface application resulted in filtration of the DFE, with a high proportion of the ¹⁵N remaining on the soil surface, where it was relatively unavailable for plant uptake but prone to gaseous and physical losses. Of the applied ¹⁵N, 9.9% in the dry and 13.5% in the wet treatment were still recovered as DFE on the soil surface at day 254. Plant uptake of faecal ¹⁵N accounted for 9.3% and 13.0% in the dry and wet treatments, respectively. The bulk of the ¹⁵N was recovered in the soil organic nitrogen fraction (35.1% in dry, 42.5% in wet), whereas ¹⁵N in inorganic and microbial nitrogen accounted for only very small amounts (< 2%). Total recoveries of the applied ¹⁵N in plant, soil and DFE remaining on the surface at day 254 were 58.4% in the dry, and 71.5% in the wet treatment. Separate analysis of the total and ammonium nitrogen contents and ¹⁵N enrichments of the constructed DFE and filtered subsamples (0.5 mm, 0.2 m) showed that the faecal fraction was not labelled homogeneously. Due to this heterogeneity, which was exacerbated by the filtration of DFE on the soil surface, it was difficult to calculate the turnover of the total faecal fraction based on ¹⁵N results.     

鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的改善作用

目的：从鲫鱼卵中提取唾液酸糖蛋白,研究其对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的改善作用,并探究其作用机理。方法：采用切除大鼠双侧卵巢的方法建立骨质疏松症大鼠模型,灌胃鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白（400 mg/（kg·d））90 d后,分别检测大鼠尿液骨吸收指标（脱氧吡啶啉、钙、磷）、血清骨吸收指标（抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶、组织蛋白酶K）、血清骨生成指标（骨源性碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端前肽）以及血清骨保护素（osteoprotegerin,OPG）、核因子κB受体活化因子（receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB,RANK）、核因子κB受体活化因子配体（receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL）含量。结果：鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白能显著降低骨质疏松症大鼠尿液脱氧吡啶啉（P＜0.01）、钙（P＜0.01）、磷（P＜0.01）含量和血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（P＜0.01）、组织蛋白酶K（P＜0.01）活性,防止大鼠骨吸收;显著降低血清骨源性碱性磷酸酶（P＜0.01）活性和骨钙素（P＜0.01）、Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端前肽（P＜0.01）含量,抑制大鼠高骨转换速率;显著上调OPG（P＜0.01）含量,下调RANKL（P＜0.01）含量,降低RANKL/OPG比值,抑制破骨细胞增殖分化,降低骨吸收。结论：鲫鱼卵唾液酸糖蛋白具有改善去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的作用,其作用机理可能与下调RANKL/OPG比值有关。