运营商大数据助力疫情防控

2020年伊始,新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情肆虐全国,政府各部门积极研究部署大数据支撑疫情防控的相关工作。在此背景下,中国联通充分发挥运营商大数据特有的多源、海量、融合的优势,从人群来源地识别、高频活动群体分析、自我隔离度监控、栅格化危险指数评估、公众关注度及情绪指数5个方面,助力疫情科学防控、精准防控,为政府相关部门提供决策支撑,为公众提供民生服务。     

疫情防控下基于老龄病患的医疗服务设计研究

基于老龄病患的医疗服务设计是人文关怀下的设计伦理,老年人在生理与心理上相较于常人具有特殊性,医疗空间与医护环境的设计应考虑到通用化设计、情感化设计因素,降低病患对环境的陌生感,增强就医体验,关注“情感无障碍”设计与关爱设计的融入。伴随信息技术与通信技术的进步,5G通信、物联网、智能穿戴、无人智能设备等技术已普遍应用于医护工作,但在对于老龄病患的医护工作中应考虑到老年人的使用需求和习惯,注重设备的可操控性和易用性,避免老龄病患因信息传达障碍导致的负面就医体验,做到高效与安全就医。     

Clinical Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced by Epidemic Influenza A (H7N9) Infection: A Hint for COVID-19 Treatment

H7N9 viruses quickly spread between mammalian hosts and carry the risk of human-to-human transmission, as shown by the 2013 outbreak. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung failure, and acute pneumonia are major lung diseases in H7N9 patients. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising choice for treating virus-induced pneumonia, and was used to treat H7N9-induced ARDS in 2013. The transplant of MSCs into patients with H7N9-induced ARDS was conducted at a single center through an open-label clinical trial. Based on the principles of voluntariness and informed consent, 44 patients with H7N9-induced ARDS were included as a control group, while 17 patients with H7N9-induced ARDS acted as an experimental group with allogeneic menstrual-blood-derived MSCs. It was notable that MSC transplantation significantly lowered the mortality of the experimental group, compared with the control group (17.6% died in the experimental group while 54.5% died in the control group). Furthermore, MSC transplantation did not result in harmful effects in the bodies of four of the patients who were part of the five-year follow-up period. Collectively, these results suggest that MSCs significantly improve the survival rate of H7N9-induced ARDS and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of H7N9-induced ARDS in both preclinical research and clinical studies. Because H7N9 and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) share similar complications (e.g., ARDS and lung failure) and corresponding multi-organ dysfunction, MSC-based therapy could be a possible alternative for treating COVID-19.     

Modeling,estimation, and analysis of epidemics over networks: An overview

We present and discuss a variety of mathematical models that have been proposed to capture the dynamic behavior of epidemic processes. We first present traditional group models for which no underlying graph structures are assumed, thus implying that instantaneous mixing between all members of a population occurs. Then we consider models driven by similar principles, but involving non-trivial networks where spreading occurs between connected nodes. We present stability analysis results for selected models from both classes, as well as simple least squares approaches for estimating the spreading parameters of the virus from data for each basic networked model structure. We also provide some simulation models. The paper should serve as a succinct, accessible guide for systems and control research efforts toward understanding and combating COVID-19 and future pandemics.     

Traveling waves for epidemic models with nonlocal dispersal in time and space periodic habitats

This paper deals with the spatial spreading speed and traveling wave solutions of a general epidemic model with nonlocal dispersal in time and space periodic habitats. It should be mentioned that the existence of spreading speed and traveling wave solutions of nonlocal dispersal cooperative system in space–time periodic habitats have been established previously. In this paper, we further show that the epidemic system has a spreading speed $c^1\left(\xi \right)$ and for any $c>c^1\left(\xi \right)$, there exist a unique, continuous space–time periodic traveling wave solution $({\Phi }_1(x?ct\xi ,t,ct\xi ),{\Phi }_2(x?ct\xi ,t,ct\xi ))$ of epidemic model in the direction of $\xi$ with speed $c$, and there is no such solution for $c<c^1\left(\xi \right)$.     

Transmission and control of an emerging influenza pandemic in a small-world airline network

The avian influenza virus H5N1 and the 2009 swine flu H1N1 are potentially serious pandemic threats to human health, and air travel readily facilitates the spread of infectious diseases. However, past studies have not yet incorporated the effects of air travel on the transmission of influenza in the construction of mathematical epidemic models. Therefore, this paper focused on the human-to-human transmission of influenza, and investigated the effects of air travel activities on an influenza pandemic in a small-world network. These activities of air travel include passengers’ consolidation, conveyance and distribution in airports and flights. Dynamic transmission models were developed to assess the expected burdens of the pandemic, with and without control measures. This study also investigated how the small-world properties of an air transportation network facilitate the spread of influenza around the globe. The results show that, as soon as the influenza is spread to the top 50 global airports, the transmission is greatly accelerated. Under the constraint of limited resources, a strategy that first applies control measures to the top 50 airports after day 13 and then soon afterwards to all other airports may result in remarkable containment effectiveness. As the infectiousness of the disease increases, it will expand the scale of the pandemic, and move the start time of the pandemic ahead.     

基于网络编码的传染路由协议性能

针对传染路由(ER)网络中容易出现多种通信半径的通信节点,导致网络性能不稳定的问题,提出了一种网络编码与传染路由相结合的网络模型。该模型在经典传染路由中结合网络编码的方式进行数据传输,并且为了对改进后的网络性能进行有效地评估,为传染路由网络中的传输时延建立了概率模型。使用该概率模型对网络进行评估的结果显示,在多种传输环境下与经典传染路由相比,基于网络编码的传染路由(NCER)具有高效、稳定的优点,并于离散事件仿真实验结果中得到了验证。最后,根据该概率模型的评估结果,提出了一种进一步降低网络传输时延的方案。     

马铃薯青枯病菌日常快速检验方法的对比

目的对马铃薯青枯病菌日常快速检验的方法的对比。方法以日常监管抽检的出口马铃薯为材料,采用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附法(double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,DAS-ELISA)以及分子生物学方法的实时荧光PCR(PT-PCR)法进行快速检测。结果通过连续多批次马铃薯检测的结果进行统计分析,试验结果显示,应用上述两种方法对马铃薯青枯病菌携带情况具有较高的灵敏度,特别是对处于潜伏期感染而没有表现出症状的马铃薯块茎的检测更为有效。结论 DAS-ELISA以及分子生物学方法的RT-PCR法对于马铃薯出口的快速检验快速通关具有重要的意义。     

食源性沙门菌流行趋势及耐药性研究进展

沙门菌病是主要的食源性疾病,构成了全球范围内主要的公共卫生问题,在我国由沙门菌引起的食源性疾病也占首位。本综述概述了近年来国内外食源性沙门菌流行趋势,回顾了我国多个省市从肉制品或肉制品生产链中检出肠炎沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌的情况,从耐药情况和耐药机制两方面简述了食源性沙门菌耐药性,分析了食源性耐药菌通过食物链和粪-口途径在养殖业-社区-医院间的传播模式。研究发现,肉制品可能是人类沙门菌病主要的传染源,且近年来在全球范围内,肉制品中耐药性沙门菌的检出率居高不下,这使临床医生治疗时可选择的药物受到限制。随着家禽肉类食品的日益全球化,沙门菌病的控制可能会面临更严峻的挑战,因此控制沙门菌的传播需要采取新的综合干预策略。     

基于传播心理学的新型冠状病毒肺炎防疫信息科普图形设计与应用

基于传播心理学的新型冠状病毒肺炎防治信息科普图形设计的简介性与有效性、共通性与沟通性、特色性与共鸣性的创作定位。展开新型冠状病毒肺炎防疫信息科普的图形设计,探索传播心理学下,特殊防治信息科普图形的色彩研究、元素研究和表现手法研究。实现互联网新媒体时代下防疫信息图形的传播媒介、传播受众、传播场所的具体应用剖析。立足艺术设计专业加强防疫符号辨识,形成积极防疫心理暗示,助推新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防治及舆情宣传的传播效应。