小波变换技术在内燃机振声信号分析中的应用

介绍了小波分析方法在内燃机测试方面的发展和应用，探讨了应用小波技术进行车用发动机表面辐射声源的识别问题。以一台车用发动机表面辐射噪声的测量和识别分析为例，提出了一种车用发动机主要噪声源诊断和识别的测试分析方法。提取了小波分析结果特征，进行噪声源识别，其结果是满意的。     

Microrec控制及保安系统的特点

我公司与法国ALSTHOM公司合作生产的330MW机组采用的是该公司生产的Microrec控制及保安系统。本文阐述了该系统的主要特点和独到之处。     

Role of argon in hot wire chemical vapor deposition of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon thin films

Structural, optical and electrical properties of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) films, deposited from silane (SiH₄) and argon (Ar) gas mixture without hydrogen by hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HW-CVD) method were investigated. Film properties are carefully and systematically studied as a function of argon dilution of silane (R_Ar). We observed that the deposition rate is much higher (4-23 Å/s) compared to conventional plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited nc-Si:H films using Ar dilution of silane (0.5-0.83 Å/s). Characterization of these films with Raman spectroscopy revealed that Ar dilution of silane in HW-CVD endorses the growth of crystallinity and structural order in the nc-Si:H films. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis showed that with increasing Ar dilution, the hydrogen bonding in the films shifts from di-hydrogen (Si-H₂) and (Si-H₂)_n complexes to mono-hydrogen (Si-H) bounded species. The hydrogen content in the films increases with increasing Ar dilution and was found to be < 4 at.% over the entire range of Ar dilutions of silane studied. However, the band gap shows decreasing trend with increase in Ar dilution of silane and it has been attributed to the decrease in the percentage of the amorphous phase in the film. The microstructure parameter was found to be > 0.4 for the films deposited at low Ar dilution of silane and ~ 0.1 or even less for the films deposited at higher Ar dilution, suggesting that there is an enhancement of structural order and homogeneity in the film. From the present study it has been concluded that the Ar dilution of silane is a key process parameter to induce the crystallinity and to improve the structural ordering in the nc-Si:H films deposited by the HW-CVD method.     

Neutron threshold activation detectors (TAD) for the detection of fissions

Prompt fission neutrons are one of the strongest signatures of the fission process. Depending on the fission inducing radiation, their average number ranges from 2.5 to 4 neutrons per fission. They are more energetic and abundant, by about 2 orders of magnitude, than the delayed neutrons (≈3 vs. ≈0.01) that are commonly used as indicators for the presence of fissionable materials.The detection of fission prompt neutrons, however, has to be done in the presence of extremely intense probing radiation that stimulated them. During irradiation, the fission stimulation radiation, X-rays or neutrons, overwhelms the neutron detectors and temporarily incapacitate them. Consequently, by the time the detectors recover from the source radiation, fission prompt neutrons are no longer emitted. In order to measure the prompt fission signatures under these circumstances, special measures are usually taken with the detectors such as heavy shielding with collimation, use of inefficient geometries, high pulse height bias and gamma-neutron separation via pulse-shape discrimination with an appropriate organic scintillator. These attempts to shield the detector from the flash of radiation result in a major loss of sensitivity. It can lead to a complete inability to detect the fission prompt neutrons.In order to overcome the blinding induced background from the source radiation, the detection of prompt fission neutrons needs to occur long after the fission event and after the detector has fully recovered from the source overload. A new approach to achieve this is to detect the delayed activation induced by the fission neutrons. The approach demonstrates a good sensitivity in adverse overload situations (gamma and neutron “flash”) where fission prompt neutrons could normally not be detected.The new approach achieves the required temporal separation between the detection of prompt neutrons and the detector overload by the neutron activation of the detector material. The technique, called Threshold Activation Detection (TAD), is to utilize appropriate substances that can be selectively activated by the fission neutrons and not by the source radiation and then measure the radioactively decaying activation products (typically beta and gamma rays) well after the source pulse. The activation material should possess certain properties: a suitable half-life of the order of seconds; an energy threshold below which the numerous source neutrons will not activate it (e.g., 3 MeV); easily detectable activation products (typically >1 MeV beta and gamma rays) and have a usable cross-section for the selected reaction. Ideally the substance would be a part of the scintillator.There are several good material candidates for the TAD, including fluorine, which is a major constituent of available scintillators such as BaF₂, CaF₂ and hydrogen free liquid fluorocarbon. Thus the fluorine activation products, in particular the beta particles, can be measured with a very high efficiency in the detector.The principles, applications and experimental results obtained with the fluorine based TAD are discussed.     

Feasibility of fast neutron analysis for the detection of explosives buried in soil

A commercialized thermal neutron analysis (TNA) sensor has been developed to confirm the presence of buried bulk explosives as part of a multi-sensor anti-tank landmine detection system. Continuing improvements to the TNA system have included the use of an electronic pulsed neutron generator that offers the possibility of applying fast neutron analysis (FNA) methods to improve the system's detection capability. This paper describes an investigation into the use of FNA as a complementary component in such a TNA system. The results of a modeling study using simple geometries and a full model of the TNA sensor head are presented, as well as preliminary results from an experimental associated particle imaging (API) system that supports the modeling study results. The investigation has concluded that the pulsed beam FNA approach would not improve the detection performance of a TNA system for landmine or buried IED detection in a confirmation role, and could not be made into a practical stand-alone detection system for buried anti-tank landmines. Detection of buried landmines and IEDs by FNA remains a possibility, however, through the use of the API technique.     

Experimental and numerical study of fastener pull-through failure in GFRP laminates

A methodology to design and analyze multi-material bolted joints in hybrid train structures is presented. This methodology enables the prediction of the response of a multi-material bolted joint in a short amount of time and it is suitable to be used for large structures, where the number of bolts can be very high. The method developed is applied to a real industrial case which consists on the connection between the roof and the side of a carbody shell train structure. Experimental tests are performed on a full-size sub-component. The comparison between the experimental data and the numerical results confirms the accuracy of the method.     

HHT在眼底图像边缘检测中的应用

在眼底图像处理中,边缘检测技术是许多研究领域的重要预处理手段,如眼底图像特征提取和基于图像特征的图像配准方法等等。将希尔波特-黄变换（HHT,Hilbert-Huang Transform）方法应用于眼底图像边缘检测,提出了基于二维经验模式分解的图像边缘检测算法。实验结果表明,利用HHT方法的自适应多分辨特性,可以有效提取出眼底图像的细节信息,又不会检测出过多的虚假边缘。该方法为眼底图像的其它处理方法提供了有效的预处理手段。     

基于变形FrFT和线性同余的光学图像加密算法

基于双随机相位编码光学图像加密系统,利用线性同余发生器（LCG）生成随机相位,结合变形分数傅里叶变换（AFrFT）,提出了一种改进的光学图像加密方法。方法的特点是：LCG函数的4个参数都可作为密钥;相比常规FrFT,变形FrFT的分数阶数目多1倍;算法密钥的数量从2重增加到8重,并且还有2个辅助密钥,大大提高了加密系统...     

Water molecular dynamics during bread staling by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Bread staling is a complex phenomenon that originates from multiple physico-chemical events (amylopectin retrogradation, water loss and redistribution) that are not yet completely elucidated. Molecular properties of white bread loaves were characterized by multiple proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques (proton FID, T₂ and T₁ relaxation time) over 14 days of storage. Changes at a molecular level (faster decay of proton FIDs and shifting of proton T₂ relaxation times distributions towards shorter times), indicating a proton mobility reduction of the bread matrix, were observed during storage. Multiple ¹H T₂ populations were observed and tentatively associated to water-gluten and water-starch domains. Proton T₁ of bread was for the first time measured at variable frequencies (Fast Field Cycling NMR) and found to be strongly dependent upon frequency and to decrease in bread during storage, especially at frequencies ≤ 0.2 MHz. An additional proton T₁ population, relaxing at 2 ms, was detected at 0.52 MHz only at early storage times and tentatively attributed to a water-gluten domain that lost mobility during storage.