Optimising the application of the Hough transform for automatic feature extraction from geoscientific images

We have adapted the Hough transform to extract linear features successfully from geoscientific datasets. The Hough transform is used in an automatic technique, which makes use of a parameter space to describe features of interest in images. This method has been widely applied in machine vision for recognition of features in highly structured images. Geoscientific data is more demanding. Features of interest within scenes of natural environments exist on all scales, are often partially obscured and the images are usually noisy. Pre-processing of images before the HT is essential. Adaptations of the HT to cope with particular properties of geoscientific data include: optimising the dimensions of the discrete transform domain; using feature-modelling to cancel lines found; transforming multi-scale tiles of the original image and correcting amplitudes in the transformed domain to account for the position of features. These specific adaptations produce a method for automatic feature detection which requires the user to select only two parameters. Output of the procedure is rich in feature content and accurate, leaving a clean result for statistical analysis. This optimised HT is robust for natural scenes, coping in particular with short line-segments.     

塔里木盆地英吉苏凹陷断层对油气藏的控制作用

英吉苏凹陷是一发育于早古生代剥蚀地貌背景上的中新生代断―坳型沉积盆地。该凹陷新生界之下地层中断裂发育,并多具生长断层的特点,多数断层在中生代末期之前已停止活动。从不同方面分析了断层在油气藏形成和保存过程中所起的重要作用:断层活动可以改善油气储集空间及性能,可控制油气的运聚时期和层位,可形成多种类型的圈闭。     

莺东斜坡带上第三系天然气输导系统研究

莺歌海盆地莺东斜坡带上第三系地层岩性圈闭发育,油气成因类型多样,纵向上生储盖组合良好,是莺歌海盆地有利的天然气聚集指向区。从骨架砂体、断层、不整合面和其上砂体以及三者的组合特征,对莺东斜坡带上第三系天然气输导系统的分布特征进行了研究。利用断层应力环境、断层与砂体对接情况、断层活动期与成藏期的关系、骨架砂体发育程度和不整合面及其上砂体的分布等5个因素对该输导系统作了初步评价,发现莺东斜坡带北段为一般输导系统,中段为较优质输导系统,南段为优质输导系统。     

断裂控油的物理模拟实验研究——以准噶尔盆地西北缘红车断裂带为例

对准噶尔盆地西北缘红车断裂带的断裂控油模式进行了研究,并进一步转化为实验模型,模拟了单一相(油相)连续、稳态流体运动条件下,断裂输导体系中石油运移和聚集的过程。通过观察实验过程和对实验结果的分析,结合构造应力场特征和断裂控油的流体地球化学研究结果,对该断裂带的控油特征进行了分析。     

DF4B型机车润滑油压力低故障原因分析及对策

分析了DF4B机车机油压力低的原因,提出了相应的对策和采取的措施,并针对改善机车润滑油压力低的问题提出了合理建议。     

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在叠后地震资料处理中,断层保护是十分重要的。共反射面元叠加是一种叠后去噪,雇针三维叠后数据体中的一个面元的地震反射同相轴校正为水平同相轴后叠加在一起得到叠加道,用这个面元叠加的道数去除叠加道,得到平均叠加道。该平均叠加道就是该面元共中心点上的共反射面元叠加道,由于是“同相叠加”,所以反射信号得到加强,随机噪声受到压制,有效地提高地震资料的信噪比。章运用理论模型和实际地震资料证明,叠后去噪对断层有影响,共反射面元叠加对断层的影响很小,是一种有利于保护断层的去噪技术。     

GREEN FUNCTION在齿轮箱故障诊断中的运用

为了找出齿轮箱故障的定量规律,通过对齿轮箱的振动信号的测试及分析,发现ＧＲＥＥＮＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮ对齿轮箱故障的诊断行之有效,并且成功地找出了Ｇ１０、Ｇ１０′等齿轮箱故障的定量诊断参数．     

The computation of zones of influence of linear geological structures

The concept of a zone of influence of a linear geological structure provides a method of quantifying the effect of the structure on the properties of its neighborhood. For example, a fault may exert some influence on the local roof conditions in a mine opening, or on the location of mineral deposits, where the influence at any given distance (up to the specified half-width of the zone of influence) from the fault is estimated by some postulated influence function. Any area of interest may be partitioned into a large number of cells, and the sum of the influences due to the nearby faults calculated for the midpoint of each cell. The program groups the cells, by midpoints, into sets comprising those cells affected by precisely 0,1,2,... faults, calculates the proportion each set constitutes of the area of interest, and the total of the midpoint sums of the cells in each set. Although the program was developed for a specific problem in a New South Wales colliery, the method is not specific to this problem and has application to many situations in rock mechanics, metallogenesis, seismicity, and in other fields in which the concept of a zone of influence may be relevant.     

Decoupling features and virtual sensors for diagnosis of faults in vapor compression air conditioners

This paper describes the development and evaluation of features and virtual sensors that form the basis of a methodology for detecting and diagnosing multiple-simultaneous faults in vapor compression air conditioning equipment. The features were developed based upon a physical understanding of the system, cost considerations, and heuristics derived from experimental data and modeling results. Virtual sensors were developed in order to reduce the cost of implementation. The validity of the features and virtual sensors was evaluated using measurements from a variety of different air conditioners tested in a laboratory environment. More detailed evaluation results are presented in separate papers.