A typology of different development and testing options for symbolic regression modelling of measured and calculated datasets

Data-driven modelling is used to develop two alternative types of predictive environmental model: a simulator, a model of a real-world process developed from either a conceptual understanding of physical relations and/or using measured records, and an emulator, an imitator of some other model developed on predicted outputs calculated by that source model. A simple four-way typology called Emulation Simulation Typology (EST) is proposed that distinguishes between (i) model type and (ii) different uses of model development period and model test period datasets. To address the question of to what extent simulator and emulator solutions might be considered interchangeable i.e. provide similar levels of output accuracy when tested on data different from that used in their development, a pair of counterpart pan evaporation models was created using symbolic regression. Each model type delivered similar levels of predictive skill to that other of published solutions. Input–output sensitivity analysis of the two different model types likewise confirmed two very similar underlying response functions. This study demonstrates that the type and quality of data on which a model is tested, has a greater influence on model accuracy assessment, than the type and quality of data on which a model is developed, providing that the development record is sufficiently representative of the conceptual underpinnings of the system being examined. Thus, previously reported substantial disparities occurring in goodness-of-fit statistics for pan evaporation models are most likely explained by the use of either measured or calculated data to test particular models, where lower scores do not necessarily represent major deficiencies in the solution itself.     

A heuristic to solve the synchronized log-truck scheduling problem

We present a synchronized routing and scheduling problem that arises in the forest industry, as a variation of the log-truck scheduling problem. It combines routing and scheduling of trucks with specific constraints related to the Canadian forestry context. This problem includes aspects such as pick-up and delivery, multiple products, inventory stock, multiple supply points and multiple demand points. We developed a decomposition approach to solve the weekly problem in two phases. In the first phase we use a MIP solver to solve a tactical model that determines the destinations of full truckloads from forest areas to woodmills. In the second phase, we make use of two different methods to route and schedule the daily transportation of logs: the first one consists in using a constraint-based local search approach while the second one is a hybrid approach involving a constraint programming based model and a constraint-based local search model. These approaches have been implemented using COMET2.0. The method, was tested on two industrial cases from forest companies in Canada.     

Using genetic programming for context-sensitive feature scoring in classification problems

Feature scoring is an avenue to feature selection that provides a measure of usefulness for the individual features of a classification task. Features are ranked based on their scores and selection is performed by choosing a small group of high-ranked features. Most existing feature scoring/ranking methods focus on the relevance of a single feature to the class labels regardless of the role of other features (context-insensitive). The paper proposes a genetic programming (GP)-based method to see how a set of features can contribute towards discriminating different classes. The features receive score in the context of other features participating in a GP program. The scoring mechanism is based on the frequency of appearance of each feature in a collection of GP programs and the fitness of those programs. Our results show that the proposed feature ranking method can detect important features of a problem. A variety of different classifiers restricted to just a few of these high-ranked features work well. The proposed scoring-ranking mechanism can also shrink the search space of size O(2 ⁿ ) of subsets of features to a search space of size O(n) in which there are points that are very likely to improve the classification performance.     

Variational density matrix optimization using semidefinite programming

We discuss how semidefinite programming can be used to determine the second-order density matrix directly through a variational optimization. We show how the problem of characterizing a physical or N-representable density matrix leads to matrix-positivity constraints on the density matrix. We then formulate this in a standard semidefinite programming form, after which two interior point methods are discussed to solve the SDP. As an example we show the results of an application of the method on the isoelectronic series of Beryllium.     

Efficient shape optimization for certain and uncertain aerodynamic design

In this paper, we present novel developments in aerodynamic shape optimization based on shape calculus as well as the proper treatment of aleatoric uncertainties in the field of aerodynamic design.     

基于传统综合自动化变电站的程序化操作实现

作为新疆首座程序化操作变电站,110 kV三汽配电变电站在程序化实施中,结合已有综合自动化设备,在不增加一、二次投资的情况下,融入了五防闭锁和集控主站操作,成功实现了由传统综合自动化变电站向程序化变电站的升级改造.在提高了经济效益的同时,大大节约了投资,同时具有很好的推广前景.     

执行依赖启发式动态规划在同步发电机励磁系统中的应用

介绍了一种控制同步发电机励磁系统的新方法,即执行依赖启发式动态规划(ADHDP)对同步发电机励磁电压的自适应控制.执行依赖启发式动态规划是近似动态规划(ADP)的一种算法,ADP利用非线性函数拟合方法逼近动态规划的性能指标函数,以获得最优解或次优解.仿真结果表明,基于执行依赖启发式动态规划算法的励磁控制效果优于传统励磁...     

基于不确定性用气量的输气管网供气可靠度计算方法

由于未来用气量是一个随机变量,过去采用点预测的方式无法客观体现出其随机性的特征,由此得到的供气可靠性评价结果也难以客观反映实际情况。为了准确预测用气量,在调研输气管网供气量预测模型研究进展的基础上,提出了一种采用基于小波分解的神经网络模型来预测随机性用气量的供气可靠度计算方法,通过对比分析模型预测结果与实际用气量的误差,确定用气量所服从的分布类型及参数,结合管道的最大允许输气量,以供气可靠度最高作为目标函数,建立了优化流量分配及计算管网供气可靠度的数学模型,进而利用该模型对某一虚拟管网进行了供气可靠性评价。结果表明:(1)所建模型求解的流量分配方案优先保障权重较大/较为重要的用户,但会牺牲其他用户的供气可靠度,管网总体供气可靠度亦会下降;(2)取消权重后,管网总体供气可靠度提高,优先保障距离气源地较近的用户,若不要求完全满足用户的用气量,则在降低一定的标准后,所有用户的供气可靠度都能达标。结论认为:所提出的计算方法结合了用气量随机的特性,能够更加客观地评价管网的供气可靠度,同时由于引入了用户的权重,在计算管网供气能力的时候能优先满足重要的用户,更加符合实际情况,其评价结果可以指导输气管网的高效运行。     

最优群孔激光打孔自动编程软件的开发

阐述在数控激光打孔机上进行群孔激光打孔时,最佳打孔路线数学模型的建立以及解决该模型的算法。在此基础上开发了适应于数控激光打孔系统的自动编程软件。     

AT89C51单片机与PC机的通信接口及编程

介绍了PC机与单片机采用RS-232C进行串行通信的接口方法。对于硬件接口电路中常用的一些方法进行了简要的比较,并介绍了电平转换芯片MAX232及其应用方法。在通信程序的设计中,数据传输的校验方法采用反馈-确认法,即每传送一个数据就反馈一次,由发送方确认,相当于每次都有握手信号,大大提高了数据传输的可靠性。给出了完整的PC机与单片机点对点双机通信程序。