Molecular association complex of urea with polyethylene: 3. Structural studies of the complex

The crystal structure of urea-polyethylene complex in the hexagonal form, obtained by one of our preparation methods, is analysed by X-ray power diffractometry. In this analysis, the fixed molecular parameters of urea are used, and three models with respect to rotational disorder of the guest polyethylene molecule are assumed. It is shown that the host lattice structure constructed by urea molecules is essentially the same as that of urea-n-paraffin complex. Effects of the disorder structure of the guest on X-ray scattering of the complex are presented. However, there is a difficulty in identifying the disorder structure by X-ray analysis. With the aid of a potential energy calculation between the hexagonal urea tunnel and the guest molecule, a rotational disorder model is preferred.     

In-situ studies of electron field emission of single carbon nanotubes inside the TEM

Electron field emission characteristics of individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated in situ inside the transmission electron microscope (TEM). For a single MWCNT it was found that while field-emission can hardly occur from the side of the nanotube, a curved nanotube may result in finite side emission and the best emission geometry is the top emission geometry. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements made at different vacuum conditions and voltage sweeps emphasize the importance of the adsorbates on the electron field emission of MWCNTs. For a contaminated MWCNT, although the field emission current was reduced, the stability of its emission was improved. A current of up to several tens of μA was observed for a single MWCNT, but it was found that long time emission usually results in drastic structure damage that may lead to sudden emission failure.     

注塑模温度场的计算机模拟

本文运用有限元法，采用二次等参单元，对注塑模二维非稳态温度场进行了数值分析，推导了有限元数值求解方程并研制了有限元求解程序软件。实例所得温度场等温线与实验所得结果基本相符，验证了计算机求解的可靠性。通过计算机模拟分析，可了解各瞬时模具温度场的分布状态，观察模具体能否使塑件均匀冷却，如不合理，可通过改变冷却管道参数，达到温度场均匀一致，从而提高塑件质量。通过程序运转，根据塑件的热定型温度，可以预知最短冷却时间，从而缩短冷却周期，提高塑件生产率     

2,6-萘二甲酸二甲酯与一些二甲基萘所形成的激基复合物

2,6-萘二甲酸二甲酯与一些二甲基萘可以形成激基复合物。本文通过稳态和动态荧光光谱研究了这类激基复合物的形成与分子结构的关系。结果表明,尽管这些二甲基萘的电离能基本相同,但因取代基位置不同使分子中电荷分布不同,从而影响了激基复合物的形成能力。     

不锈钢冶炼用不烧镁钙砖的研制及应用

介绍了冶炼不锈钢用不烧镁钙砖的研制过程及其在冶炼不锈钢的 90tAOD炉炉帽和 90t装入包包底的应用情况。结果表明 :在 90t装入包包底的使用寿命达 1 1 0次 ,最大侵蚀速度仅为 1 .50mm·次 -1 左右 ;在 90tAOD炉炉帽上的使用寿命达 2 1 7次 ,最大侵蚀速度仅 0 .55mm·次-1 ,但存在裂纹和剥落现象 ,今后应改进砖型设计 ,增加调整砖 ,以消除砌缝 ,提高衬砖的整体性和稳固性     

Calmodulin Supports TRPA1 Channel Association with Opioid Receptors and Glutamate NMDA Receptors in the Nervous Tissue

Transient receptor potential ankyrin member 1 (TRPA1) belongs to the family of thermo TRP cation channels that detect harmful temperatures, acids and numerous chemical pollutants. TRPA1 is expressed in nervous tissue, where it participates in the genesis of nociceptive signals in response to noxious stimuli and mediates mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia associated with different neuropathies. The glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), which plays a relevant role in allodynia to mechanical stimuli, is connected via histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) and type 1 sigma receptor (σ1R) to mu-opioid receptors (MORs), which mediate the most potent pain relief. Notably, neuropathic pain causes a reduction in MOR antinociceptive efficacy, which can be reversed by blocking spinal NMDARs and TRPA1 channels. Thus, we studied whether TRPA1 channels form complexes with MORs and NMDARs that may be implicated in the aforementioned nociceptive signals. Our data suggest that TRPA1 channels functionally associate with MORs, delta opioid receptors and NMDARs in the dorsal root ganglia, the spinal cord and brain areas. These associations were altered in response to pharmacological interventions and the induction of inflammatory and also neuropathic pain. The MOR-TRPA1 and NMDAR-TRPA1 associations do not require HINT1 or σ1R but appear to be mediated by calcium-activated calmodulin. Thus, TRPA1 channels may associate with NMDARs to promote ascending acute and chronic pain signals and to control MOR antinociception.     

Effect of steel microfibers on corrosion of steel reinforcing bars

Steel microfiber reinforcement was previously found to be successful in mitigating alkali silica reaction in concrete, an expansive phenomenon. The use of steel microfibers to mitigate rebar corrosion, another expansive reaction, was investigated. Mortar specimens with and without steel microfiber reinforcement were exposed to a corrosive environment. All specimens were prepared with water/cement ratios of both 0.40 and 0.55, cured for 28 days, and then submerged in aerated 3.5% NaCl solution. The corrosion behavior of the specimens was monitored via electrochemical measurements. Three types of electrochemical tests were performed: corrosion potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Chloride concentration measurements and microscopic analysis were performed as well. The polarization curves, Tafel, and polarization resistance measurements indicate that the steel rebar in the microfiber-reinforced mortars are more resistant to corrosion than the rebar in the control mortars, despite higher chloride concentrations. Furthermore, the steel microfiber-reinforced cement based materials have a lower electrolytic resistance. This is not indicative of a higher corrosion rate, which would be the case if it had been observed in standard mortar specimens.     

Self-aligned fabrication of single crystal diamond gated field emitter array

This paper describes a self-aligned fabrication process for diamond gated field emitter array (FEA). Utilizing the non-conformal coverage sputtering conditions of silicon oxide, an interesting “sphere on cone” structure is formed on diamond nano tip array, which is the key point of gate hole opening process. This structure causes shadowing at certain regions of side-wall during Ti / Au gate metal deposition. Removal of “sphere” by wet etching leads to the successful fabrication of a single crystalline diamond gated FEA. Scanning electron microscope observations reveal the fabrication of a uniform emitter array with tip radius of curvature (20 nm) and gate hole (1.4 μm). We also confirmed that no noticeable physical damage exists on tip. In field emission characteristics of the fabricated single crystal diamond gated FEA, gate voltage control of field emission current is realized.     

外加电流阴极保护在海水冷却槽中的应用

论述了金属的电化学腐蚀和外加电流阴极保护原理。说明对以海水为介质的冷却、冷凝设备,采用外加电流阴极保护是防止设备腐蚀的有效方法。举例说明了应用效果。     

Electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotubes

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been gaining increasing interest as an economical and versatile processing technique for the production of novel coatings or films of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on conductive substrates. The purpose of the paper is to present an up-to-date comprehensive overview of current research progress in the field of EPD of CNTs. The paper specifically reviews the preparation and characterisation of stable CNT suspensions, and the mechanism of the EPD process; it includes discussion of pure CNT coatings and CNT/nanoparticle composite films. A complete discussion of the EPD parameters is presented, including electrode materials, deposition time, electrode separation, deposition voltage and resultant electric field. The paper highlights potential applications of the resulting CNT and CNT/composite structures, in areas such as field emission devices, fuel cells, and supercapacitors.