Sauerbruch Hutton

The bold curves and bright colours in Sauerbruch Hutton's work belie the reasoned, empirical approach they bring to every project. That approach has helped them win numerous competitions, which led to major commissions almost as soon as they opened their office in 1989. Jayne Merkel explains how this apparently whimsical architecture grows out of a commitment to existing context, energy conservation and creating a strong sense of place. The sensual experience the buildings provide, inside and out, is always uppermost in the architects' minds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Formation, transformation and transport of black carbon (charcoal) in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

Black carbon (BC) is ubiquitous in terrestrial environments and its unique physical and chemical properties suggest that it may play an important role in the global carbon budget (GCB). A critical issue is whether the global production of BC results in significant amounts of carbon (C) being removed from the short-term bio-atmospheric carbon cycle and transferred to the long-term geological carbon cycle. Several dozen field and laboratory based studies of BC formation during the burning of biomass have been documented. Findings are difficult to interpret because they have been expressed in an inconsistent manner, and because different physical and chemical methods have been used to derive them. High error terms documented in many of these studies also highlight the problems associated with the quantification of the amount of biomass C consumed in fire, the amount of residue produced and the constituents of that residue. To be able to estimate the potential for BC as a carbon sink, issues regarding its definition, the methods used in its identification and measurement, and the way it is expressed in relation to other components of the carbon cycle need to be addressed. This paper presents BC data in a standard way; BC production as a percentage of the amount of C consumed by fire (BC/CC), which can be readily integrated into a larger carbon budget. Results from previous studies and new data from Australian ecosystems were recalculated in this way. As part of this process, several BC estimates derived solely from physical methods were discarded, based on their inability to accurately identify and quantify the BC component of the post-fire residue. Instead, more focus was placed on BC estimates obtained by chemical methods. This recalculated data lowered the estimate for BC formation in forest fires from 4% to 5% to <3% BC/CC. For savannah and grassland fires a value of <3% is consistent with reported data, but considerable variation among estimates remains. An updated flow-chart linking the sources, fluxes and pools of BC formed in the terrestrial environment with the aquatic and marine environments, and estimates of mean residence times for BC are also presented.     

采油井网新远程测控系统在张店油田的应用

张店油田油井分布具有面积广、分散、地形复杂的特点,时常出现停机停抽现象而不能及时发现处理。为此张店油田引用了采油井网远程测控系统。它能有效地提高采油井各种工作状态参数的实时综合检测及控制水平,及时发现设备隐患及故障。通过张店油田十余口井试应用,综合效益明显。     

消防气压给水控制系统

介绍了一套基于新行业标准而开发的消防气压给水控制系统：阐述了如何使用PLC及触摸屏来开发具备定时自动巡俭功能、故障查询以及远程监控能力的控制系统：并结合所开发的实例详细阐述了系统的软硬件开发。     

CFAR处理中检测门限系数的研究

雷达系统在进行恒虚警处理时,通常采用的参考单元数是有限的。此时若采用理论的检测门限,将使虚警率大大增加。本文中我们通过仿真的方法确定CFAR中的实际门限系数,研究有限的参考单元数对虚警性能的影响。给出邻近单元平均恒虚警,选大恒虚警,选小恒虚警与加权单元平均恒虚警等四种检测器在不同参考单元数下的门限系数值。同时得出了不同恒虚警率下的门限系数。     

油厂全电脑自动控制系统

介绍了浸出油厂采用主控电脑系统,实现全部工艺设备联动式自动化控制、全自动电机保护及故障报警监测,降低人为操作的干扰和损失,实现整个工艺流程产量和全自动平衡调节,各种生产报表自动生成系统,从而降低能源消耗,提高出油率和精炼率,增加安全系数,提高管理水平。     

正压防爆安全控制技术在SDL9000（CHINA）综合录井仪中的应用

随着石油行业对HSE标准逐步实施,作为钻井现场使用的综合井仪也需要根据相关防爆安全标准来设计制造,文章介绍了正压防爆安全控制技术的原理、使用方法及相关技术。     

四川输气站场安全评价

本文提出了一种输气站场的安全评价方法。它涉及到站场位置评价,站场运行维护及升级改造,站场设备维护及压力容器定期超声检测,站内天然气泄漏检测及站场天然气气质分析,消防设施,工业安全卫生状况,仪器仪表的升级改造等方面。项目技术人员利用本方法对34个站场进行了实际评价,得出了定量和定性的评价结果,并据此提出了相应的整改意见。     

WL—1型多路火灾报警系统

本文介绍由8031单片机为核心构成的WL-1型火灾报警系统。该系统由集中火灾报警器及区域火灾报警器组成,具有结构简单,工作可靠,功能完善,造价低廉,实用等特点。     

Basofil／棉混纺织物阻燃整理加工技术

Basofil是新近研制出的三聚氰胺与甲醛综合反应而成的新型纤维。该纤维除了具有较好的抗溶剂性能外,最引入注目的特点是：遇火不卷曲、不熔滴,具有很高的阻燃性能。为了降低成本,提高织物的服用性能,将Basofil纤维与棉进行不同比例的混纺。本文采用正交实验方法,通过对不同混纺比Basofil／棉织物阻燃整理加工的研究,找出了不同纺比的Basofil／棉织物的优化阻燃整理工艺。