On the power of traps and diversions in a document preparation language

This note illustrates the power of software interrupts (traps) and text diversions in document preparation languages by considering three difficult problems in typesetting: figure placement; setting text in arbitrary shapes; and balancing final columns in multi-column layout. The solution of each of these in the nroff document preparation system is discussed, and an Appendix gives the nroff macros which accomplish the tasks.     

Defining a Requirements Process Improvement Model

Both software organisations and the academic community are aware that the requirements phase of software development is in need of further support. We address this problem by creating a specialised Requirements Capability Maturity Model (R-CMM¹). The model focuses on the requirements engineering process as defined within the established Software Engineering Institute’s (SEI’s) software process improvement framework. Our empirical work with software practitioners is a primary motivation for creating this requirements engineering process improvement model. Although all organisations in our study were involved in software process improvement (SPI), they all showed a lack of control over many requirement engineering activities.This paper describes how the requirements engineering (RE) process is decomposed and prioritised in accordance with maturity goals set by the SEI’s Software Capability Maturity Model (SW CMM). Our R-CMM builds on the SEI’s framework by identifying and defining recommended RE sub-processes that meet maturity goals. This new focus will help practitioners to define their RE process with a view to setting realistic goals for improvement.Sarah Beecham is a research fellow in the Department of Maths and Computing in The Open University in the UK. She is currently working on the EPSRC funded CRESTES project () looking into modelling resource estimation for long-lived software. She has recently completed her PhD for a program of work entitled “A Requirements-based Software Process Maturity Model”. Current research interests are in estimation for software evolution and maintenance and in the general areas of software process improvement. Her particular research interests are in empirical methods in software engineering and requirements engineering.Tracy Hall leads the Systems & Software Research Group in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Hertfordshire. She specialises in the empirical investigation of technical and non-technical issues within software engineering. During the past ten years Tracy has successfully collaborated with many companies on a variety of research projects. She is very active in the Empirical Software Engineering community and is regularly invited to talk about empirical methods both in the UK and abroad. Tracy is an accomplished researcher having published over twenty high quality journal papers.Austen Rainer Austen Rainer is a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire. He studied for his PhD at Bournemouth University, in conjunction with IBM Hursley Park. His current research interests include open source software development, longitudinal case study research, and the credibility of empirical evidence for researchers and software practitioners.     

地理信息系统GIS自定义平台模型的研究与建立

本文分析并总结了GIS软件开发中最通用的一些功能的实现,结合目前流行的软件复用技术,并通过对 GIS应用软件开发的现状和技术的对比、分析、归纳研究,提出了解决GIS应用软件在开发上的低水平重复、软件不能满足实际需要等问题,建立了六个以“业务自定义”、“界面自定义”、“字典自定义”、“报表自定义”、“流程自定义”和“内置GIS功能的组件”为核心要素的GIS自定义平台模型。     

A tool to aid in the installation of complex software systems

This paper describes a programming language, SIDL, in which various aspects of software installation can be modeled. SIDL supports hierarchical file systems, computers, and processes for executing programs to produce new programs and data. An example, illustrating the installation of Ratfor, and experience with the use of SIDL for describing the installation of a large software system are included.     

Life cycle management

Life Cycle Management of electronic computer/communications systems is maturing after thirty years of experimentation and some false starts. This holistic concept provides an improved framework for planning, implementation and control of electronic hardware or software systems. It effects of symbiosis between users and suppliers who are both concerned with reliability of hardware and software, cost-effectiveness of applications, and the impacts of a rapidly changing technology. Improved cooperation between hardware/software vendors and users will undoubtedly result in significantly better product designs and services as well as their more intelligent use by sophisticated and concerned management.     

软件表达形式种类“有限”的讨论

中国计算机软件保护条例规定“由于可供选用的表达形式种类有限”是使软件从侵权指控解脱的根据之一。因此，什么情况下才导致这个“有限”和承认这个“有限”，是软件保护研究的重要课题。本文是针对制约因素和“有限”的关系所设计的试验结果的总结，在一定程度上为判定软件的“实质相似性”和表达形式种类是否“有限”提供了量化分析。     

On software equations

In recent years a lot of empirical data on software products were collected. Some results seem not to confirm our experience that the programming effort growth rate is superlinear in program length. Various results seem not to be in agreement. So there are some doubts about the validity of published empirical laws. It is shown that a careful analysis of the data from Boehm (1981), Wolberg (1981) and Walston and Felix (1977) leads to a surprising agreement of properties derived from various data bodies. Consequences for programming methodology are discussed.     

管理信息系统自动生成集成环境autoMIS

本文在分析现有ＭＩＳ软件开发工具和开发环境的基础上，介绍了一个面向ＭＩＳ的应用系统自动生成集成开发－ａｕｔｏＭＩＳ的设计思想、总体框图、功能概述以及部分实现技术。ａｕｔｏＭＩＳ从数据库管理本身的特点和ＭＩＳ的共同点及动态性出发，进行了抽象和总结。使ａｕｔｏＭＩＳ与具体的ＭＩＳ无关，具有普遍的通用性。