Analysis of Test Specimens for Cohesive Near-Bond Failure of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Plated Concrete

The failure mechanisms of reinforced concrete (RC) members change due to the application of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement. Although an extensive literature is available describing the failure mechanisms of poststrengthened flexural systems, brittle failure modes caused by bond failure, such as midspan debonding and end peeling, need to be further investigated in order to identify and quantify the fracture processes that result in bond failure. Simplified experimental tests have been designed to idealize the bond between the laminate and the RC member. However, it is unclear how the simplified test results can be related to the actual flexural debonding failures. This paper investigates and compares two bond failure tests: a simplified test (or simple shear test) and a recently proposed shear/normal test. After discussing the characteristics of both tests and how they relate to the midspan debonding and end peeling failures, the shear/normal test is studied in more detail using a nonlinear finite-element fracture mechanics program. The program accounts for cohesive localized and distributed concrete crack damage and is capable of describing the geometrical discontinuities that induce different brittle failure mechanisms. The numerical results compare well with available experimental data and help explain the crack formation and propagation pattern up to specimen failure. Parametric studies are presented to elucidate the influence of different material parameters on the failure mechanisms.     

多处损伤的疲劳裂纹扩展分析方法研究

多处损伤(multiple site damage，MSD)是影响老龄飞机结构完整性的重要因素之一。文中以线弹性断裂力学为基础，将应力强度因子组合模型、裂纹连通准则、断裂准则以及MSD扩展中相关性处理综合在一起，建立一种等幅载荷谱下MSD裂纹扩展分析方法，并用所编程序对三种典型MSD模式的扩展与断裂过程进行计算分析。结果表明，寿命预测结果与试验结果吻合很好。     

韧性材料断裂形式与J准则存在的问题

受材料特性不同与应力状态形式不同的影响,韧性材料可发生准解理断裂、孔洞正拉断、孔洞剪断和无孔洞影响的剪断等多种断裂形式,不同的断裂形式,材料中危险点位置与宏观断裂面方向则不同,相应的细观断裂机理、宏观断裂条件也有区分.J-积分理论没有区分材料不同断裂形式,将其用于金属材料一些复合型断裂试验结果时有较大误差.利用细观力学对材料断裂机理的分析,结合几种金属材料在不同应力状态下的断裂试验结果,对J准则存在的基本问题进行讨论,并对材料不同断裂形式的主要影响因素进行分析.     

热轧材冷拉过程65钢硬线断裂分析

65钢(/%:0.62～0.。70C、0.18～0.28Si、0.55～O.75Mn)硬线盘条的生产流程为120 t转炉-LF-170mm×170 mm连铸-高速线材轧制。采用光学和扫描电子显微镜分析了65钢φ6.5 mm热轧盘条在冷拉至φ1.85mm过程中断裂的原因。实验结果表明,断口宏观特征为笔尖状,盘条横截面组织均匀性较差;裂纹起源于心部粗大的先共析铁素体和粗片状渗碳体,断裂的主要原因是索氏体化率低,存在大块先共析铁素体和中心碳偏析。     

基于 Solidworks 的万向接轴断裂事故的技术分析

对万向接轴的断裂事故进行了分析。重点是对专用万向接轴叉头做了有限元分析,求得了它的应力分布及最大应力值。还对轧辊在咬入急停而造成的冲击性动力载荷作了具体计算,计算了在可能情况下最大的实际载荷和最大应力,从而解释了万向接轴叉头部件断裂的起因,提出了设备设计和使用方面的改进意见。     

Effects of microstructure evolution on the deformation mechanisms and tensile properties of a new Ni-base superalloy during aging at 800℃

Tensile properties at room temperature of a new casting Ni-base superalloy during aging at 800℃ for0-1000 h were investigated.During aging,granular M23C6 carbides presented at grain boundaries and kept growing from dispersed particles to continuous networks.The γ’ phase significantly coarsened,with the morphology of some γ’ phase changed from spherical to rounded cubic shape after 1000 h.Three deformation mechanisms in relation to the γ’ diameter(dγ’) were identified:(ⅰ) weakly coupled dislocations(WCD) connected by anti-phase boundary(APB) traveled in pair across the γ/γ’ structure when dγ’ was small in the under-aged alloys;(ⅱ) strongly coupled dislocations(SCD) with reduced spacing compared to(ⅰ) sheared γ’ phase when dγ’ increased in the over-aged alloys;(ⅲ) dislocations occasionally by-passed γ’ phase when dγ’ was larger than 97 nm after aging for more than 300 h.The alloy obtained the peak strength when 20 h-aged with dγ’=44 nm which was in the transition between(ⅰ) and(ⅱ).The aginginduced variation in yield strength was correlated to the coarsening of γ’ phase using a theoretical model of precipitation strengthening in terms of the formation of APB.The calculated results suggested that the γ’ phase with a volume fraction of 23% contributed more than 61% of the peak-aged yield strength.Observation after fracture revealed that the alloys usually fractured at grain boundaries.High stress concentration around carbides resulted in cracks by carbides self-cracking and the initiation of cavities.The undesirable agglomeration of M23C6 at grain boundaries was harmful to the properties of the overaged alloys.     

克拉苏构造带盐下超深层储层的构造改造作用与油气勘探新发现

塔里木盆地克拉苏构造带油气群下白垩统巴什基奇克组埋深超过6 000 m,储层基质渗透率低,裂缝普遍发育,构造对储层的改造作用明显,但博孜9井的勘探突破反映出不同区带间构造改造作用差异较大、非均质性极强,重新认识构造对储层的改造作用对于预测超深层储层、指导油气勘探生产具有重要的意义。为此,基于钻井取心、构造平衡恢复、裂缝充填物同位素测年、区块应力数值模拟等资料,结合流体包裹体、声发射古应力、铸体薄片等实验分析方法,从定性分析到定量计算、研究了克拉苏构造带油气群超深层储层的构造改造作用及其差异性。研究结果表明:①北部天山造山带及南部古隆起控制了该构造带储层的沉积格局及差异构造变形,形成巴什基奇克组储层"西薄东厚"的分布特征;②博孜区段古应力最小,构造变形主要为正向挤压、逆冲传播,局部井区为斜向压扭;③大北区段主要为斜向压扭,古应力较小,构造变形为逆冲叠置;克深区段古应力最大,构造变形主要为正向挤压、后缘逆冲抬升、前缘滑脱收缩;④差异构造变形使同一构造带不同构造变形样式的构造减孔量呈现出较大的差别,且控制了不同区段造缝期与成岩胶结的叠加影响、中晚期裂缝网络与油气成藏期的配置关系,加剧了储层的...     

Thermal effects on fracture toughness of cracked straight-through Brazilian disk green sandstone and granite

Cracked straight-through Brazilian disc(CSTBD) samples prepared using two rock materials were used for thermal treatment from room temperature to 700°C. Uniaxial splitting experiments were performed using an automatic electro-hydraulic servo press to study the evolution laws of physical and fracture properties of different deep rock materials under high-temperature geological conditions. The fracture characteristics were measured using an industrial camera and digital image correlation technolog...     

基于灰色神经网络的骨折愈合应力预测

在骨折愈合应力准确预测问题的研究中,骨折愈合受许多因素的影响,应力是主要因素之一。为了加快骨折愈合的速度和提高质量,及时了解骨折愈合过程中应力的变化趋势并调整加力的大小,就显得很重要。然而应力的变化是不确定的,用传统的观察法医生很难确定次日应力的大小,用单一的GM(1,1)模型预测精度也不高。根据神经网络能有效修正灰色预测模型的思路,提出了基于灰色系统理论及径向基神经网络的组合预测模型。先用灰色系统理论中的GM(1,1)模型,用已有的实测应力数据对次日的骨折断面应力进行预测,然后用实测值与预测值的差值训练神经网络,从而可以对灰色预测的值进行修正。实验结果表明:提出的应力预测的模型获得较高的预测精度,说明组合预测模型效果优于单一的灰色预测模型。     

断口—倾斜面的扫描电镜观察

本文提出了采用断口—倾斜面金相试样在扫描电镜中直接观察断口形态、裂纹扩展以及显微组织之间相互关系的实验方法;介绍了这种断口—倾斜面金相试样的制作过程,以及运用这一实验技术研究钢中细小析出相与微裂纹作用的典型实例。