高地应力作用下大理岩岩体的TBM掘进试验研究

滚刀破岩效率的研究主要集中在室内线性试验机破岩试验和数值分析2个方面,在工地开展TBM掘进试验尚不普遍。锦屏二级水电站采用3台TBM开挖隧道群,3台TBM在不同洞深(不同地应力)条件对大理岩岩体进行TBM掘进试验、岩石渣片筛分试验及大渣片统计分析,研究岩体条件、TBM机器参数、TBM运行参数对TBM掘进速度的影响及高地应力作用下岩体可掘性指数的变化。研究结果表明:在高地应力条件下,尽管TBM掘进速度随推力增加而增大,但推力超过一定值后,TBM并不在优化状态下运行,TBM的运行需与岩体条件及地应力条件相匹配。     

Behavior of EPS geofoam in stress-controlled cyclic uniaxial tests

During recent years, increasing consideration has been given to the compressible inclusion function of EPS geofoam, which makes this cellular geosynthetic an ideal material for reducing the static and seismic lateral earth pressures against rigid non-yielding retaining structures. Although the behavior of EPS geofoam under monotonic loading conditions has been extensively studied using laboratory triaxial compression tests, little research has been done until present on the cyclic stress–strain behavior of this material that is essential for optimizing and improving the seismic buffer function of EPS geofoam in geotechnical earthquake engineering applications. In this context, the present paper summarizes the results of a laboratory study based on stress-controlled cyclic uniaxial tests on EPS samples with various initial (static) deviator stresses. The experimental results indicate a somewhat different dynamic response of geofoam compared to the currently published relationships obtained from strain-controlled cyclic tests. Data from stress-controlled cyclic uniaxial tests show a logarithmic decrease in the damping ratio of EPS geofoam with increasing axial strain amplitude. Furthermore, for cyclic axial strain amplitudes greater than about 0.87–1.0%, the material exhibited a visco-elasto-plastic behavior associated with the occurrence of permanent plastic strains at the end of the cyclic tests.     

基于扰动状态概念的砂土动力特性研究

通过对杭州饱和砂土进行不排水循环三轴试验,采用扰动状态概念的理论,分析了循环应力比、相对密度和颗粒特征对砂土动力特性的影响。试验结果表明:随着循环应力比的增加,相同循环次数下的扰动状态函数值逐渐增大;随着相对密度的增加,相同循环次数下的扰动状态函数值逐渐减小;细砂相对于中砂,其扰动状态函数值随循环次数的增加首先到达临界值Dc。同时,在试验的基础上建立了反映土体扰动状态的经验公式。     

粉煤灰的物理力学特性试验研究

结合某电厂贮灰场利用粉煤灰建造子坝工程的需要,对粉煤灰的基本物理力学特性进行了试验,得出了粉煤灰的基本物理力学参数指标,从而对粉煤灰的工程应用具有一定的指导意义。     

地面爆炸条件下浅埋地下结构物响应的离心模型试验研究

 采用清华大学50g-t土工离心机进行浅埋圆形结构物在地表爆炸条件下的试验研究,研究不同炸药量、不同结构物埋深、不同覆盖层材料、不同土层含水量等情况下地下结构物的动力响应。由试验得到如下结论：弹坑抛出物明显受到科氏加速度影响;结构底部应变峰值约为顶部峰值的1/3;土层含水量越大,结构物的应变响应越大;覆盖层材料为砂土时,更有利于结构抗爆。所得结论可为现有结构物抗爆加固和以后地下结构物抗爆设计提供参考。     

Characterizing cyclic and static moduli and strength of compacted pavement subgrade soils considering moisture variation

Compacted soils are widely used as the subgrade layer for pavements. Knowledge of the mechanical properties of subgrade soils under cyclic and static loading conditions and their variation under the influence of environmental factors is required for the rational design of pavements based on mechanistic methods. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the cyclic and static moduli and the strength properties of seven different compacted Canadian subgrade soils considering the variation in the post-compaction moisture content. Cyclic triaxial tests were performed to reliably determine the resilient modulus (M_R). Unconfined compression tests, which allow an unloading-reloading loop at 1% strain, were performed to determine the deviator stress (S_u1%) at 1% strain, the reloading elastic modulus (E_1%) at 1% strain and the unconfined compressive strength (q_u) at failure. The physical properties, the chemical and mineralogical compositions, and the soil-water characteristics of these soils were also determined. Relationships were developed to predict the M_R from the S_u1%, E_1%, q_u and soil physical properties for the investigated subgrade soils because the experimental determination of M_R is both expensive and time-consuming. The studies presented in this paper provide useful information and approaches that can be used to promote the implementation of mechanistic pavement design methods using simple techniques.     

Estimates for the local permeability of the Cobourg limestone

Argillaceous limestone formations are being proposed as sites suitable for constructing a deep geologic repository for storing low-to intermediate-level nuclear waste in southern Ontario, Canada. The Cobourg limestone is characterized by a visual appearance of heterogeneity resulting from light gray calcite nodular regions interspersed with dark gray calcite-dolomite-quartz partings containing a clay component. This paper presents the results of experiments conducted to determine the permeability of both the light gray and the dark gray species of the Cobourg limestone. The permeabilities were successfully estimated from both steady state and hydraulic pulse tests conducted using specially designed miniature water entry ports, which were epoxied to the surface of the rock sample containing cavities drilled into the rock species of interest. The results show that the dark gray species of the Cobourg limestone has a permeability that is roughly one order of magnitude greater than the light gray calcite species.     

相似理论在混凝土结构振动台模型设计中的应用

运用相似理论介绍混凝土结构振动台试验模型设计的全过程,总结出了一种通用的设计方法,并且用似量纲分析方法给出了各相似常数的一般计算公式,将该方法运用到实际地震模拟振动台试验中,比较部分实测结果与原型理论计算结果的对应情况,发现二者吻合良好,于是该设计思路是切实可行的。     

宁波地区主要土层邓肯—张模型参数试验研究

土的本构模型是反映其应力—应变关系的数学表达式,邓肯—张模型作为土的最为普及的本构模型之一,概念简单,计算方便,能较好地反映土体的非线性性态。虽存在很多局限性,仍在实际工程中广泛使用。为了获得宁波地区主要土层的邓肯—张模型参数,从宁波轨道交通地铁1号线一期石路头停车场工点取土样,对各层土样分别在不同的围压下进行了三轴固结排水试验,通过分析其应力应变曲线,得到了所需参数。所得参数可作为宁波地区岩土工程和地下工程问题分析计算的参考值。     

一种新型泡沫玻璃轻骨料混凝土配比正交试验分析

为进一步研究泡沫玻璃轻骨料在混凝土中的应用,本实验组在之前已完成的泡沫玻璃轻骨料混凝土的基础上将陶砂替换为玻化微珠进行混掺保温混凝土的正交试验,对影响该新型泡沫玻璃轻骨料混凝土的热导率和抗压强度的相关因素进行分析。分析结果显示,发泡剂水泥取得量是混凝土抗压强度与热导率最大的决定因素。但本实验仍需寻找一种新型相对高强度、低热导率的材料作为骨料,并学习成熟的加气混凝土制作技术,以此提高混凝土的抗压强度。