基于花岗岩卸荷试验的损伤变形特征及其强度准则

 对取自大渡河大岗山水电站的花岗岩开展高应力下2种卸荷方案的力学特性试验,并与同围压下的常规三轴压缩试验结果进行对比分析,研究岩石卸荷过程中的破坏机制、力学强度参数损伤劣化效应及其卸荷破坏的强度特性。研究结果表明：(1) 岩石卸荷过程中向卸荷方向回弹变形强烈、扩容显著,脆性破坏特征明显。(2) 卸荷试验中,开始卸荷点处的变形模量较常规三轴压缩试验已发生一定的损伤劣化,其损伤因子与初始围压近似成线性关系,而该点处的泊松比所表现出的损伤劣化效应却不明显。(3) 卸荷过程中,泊松比随着围压的不断卸除,呈现指数关系增长;变形模量变化平缓,但在岩样卸荷屈服破坏点处陡降。(4) 在高应力卸荷条件下,Mogi-Coulomb强度准则能很好地反映其破坏强度特性。(5) 相比较于常规三轴压缩试验,卸荷时的抗剪强度参数c值减小而j 值增大,其变化量与卸荷方式有关。这些结论揭示高应力条件下花岗岩的卸荷力学特性,为西部水利水电工程的开挖、支护设计及其稳定性分析提供了理论参考。     

外墙外保温工程现场拉拔试验

介绍了在保温板材与基层的粘结强度现场拉拔试验中粘结剂的选用。     

Simulating pavement structural condition using artificial neural networks

This article aims to investigate the feasibility of incorporating of an artificial neural network (ANN) as an innovative technique for modelling the pavement structural condition, into pavement management systems. For the development of the ANN, strain assessment criteria are set in order to characterise the structural condition of flexible asphalt pavements with regards to fatigue failure. This initial task is directly followed with the development of an ANN model for the prediction of strains primarily based on in situ field gathered data and not through the usage of synthetic databases. For this purpose, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) measurements were systematically conducted on a highway network, with ground-penetrating radar providing the required pavement thickness data. The FWD data (i.e. deflections) were back-analysed in order to assess strains that would be utilised as output data in the process of developing the ANN model. A paper exercise demonstrates how the developed ANN model combined with the suggested conceptual approach for characterising pavement structural condition with regard to strain assessment could make provisions for pavement management activities, categorising network pavement sections according to the need for maintenance or rehabilitation. Preliminary results indicate that the ANN technique could help assist policy decision makers in deriving optimum strategies for the planning of pavement infrastructure maintenance.     

钻爆开挖条件下岩体临界破碎状态的损伤阈值统计研究

 研究岩体的临界破碎损伤阈值对于划分岩体的破碎状态和确定爆破岩体可开挖范围有重要意义。根据爆破作用过程和岩体破碎机制,分析钻爆条件下岩体的破碎状态,提出保留岩体与可开挖岩体的分界面处于一种临界破碎状态。基于岩体的声波特性和损伤理论,利用岩体损伤变量来表征岩体的破碎程度,并将岩体损伤分为初始损伤和爆破损伤。依托白鹤滩水电站工程项目,在坝肩爆破开挖区进行大量的声波测试试验,分析不同深度岩体的损伤状态,试验结果表明,爆后岩体临界破碎损伤变量在0.8左右。搜集国内外有关项目的声波实测数据,统计临界破碎状态岩体的损伤变量,并最终确定其损伤阈值为0.75～0.85。     

Zum Tragverhalten der selbstregulierenden interaktiven Membrangründung

On the load bearing behavior of the self‐regulating interactive membrane foundation system The paper reports on a new foundation system, the self‐regulating membrane foundation, for embankments on deep soft soil deposits, such as stockpiles or infrastructure embankments. The load bearing behavior of the system was analyzed by means of centrifuge model tests and comprehensive numerical simulations, such as global sensitivity analyses and parametric studies. The results of those analyses and the derived design approach are presented in the paper. The paper concludes with a validation of the design approach, by comparison with results of the numerical simulation.     

Architectural Patents and Open-Source Architectures: The Globalisation of Spatial Design Innovations (or Learning from ‘E99’)

Patents are the strongest form of intellectual property rights available internationally, so far unbeaten by open source as a body of innovation and know-how. Mark Garcia , senior lecturer in the Department of Architecture & Landscape at the University of Greenwich, London, here considers the pros and cons of the patent system for architects in the digital age: from issues over patent categorisation by type, to possibilities of micro-royalties through the capacity of design software to track every stage of input from multiple contributors.     

钢骨截面延展性对高含钢率SRC柱滞回性能的影响研究

在“钢骨截面延展性对高含钢率SRC柱静力性能的影响研究”的基础之上,该文通过一组含钢率为15%的SRC压弯构件反复加载试验,结合理论分析和有限元数值计算,研究了钢骨截面延展性对高含钢率SRC柱骨架曲线、滞回曲线、耗能能力和延性等抗震性能指标的影响,并分析了钢骨、钢筋和混凝土相互作用的机理。研究表明：①构件承载能力和耗能能力随钢骨截面延展性系数D提高而线性增加;②承载能力、耗能能力、延性和卸载刚度均随钢骨截面模量因子α的增大而显著增大;承载能力随约束混凝土因子β线性增加,但β对滞回曲线和变形能力的影响很小;③在加载后期,钢骨翼缘的局部屈曲和混凝土压溃退出工作是导致承载力下降的主要原因;构件的后期承载力、延性和耗能主要依赖于钢骨的贡献。 关键词：     

Steady suction for controlling across‐wind loading of high‐rise buildings

To reduce across‐wind effects on high‐rise buildings, this paper introduces a new active aerodynamic control named steady suction. To test its effect, the control mechanism of steady suction is discussed first, and then, a synchronization pressure test was conducted in a wind tunnel to measure the across‐wind loading on a high‐rise model (Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council standard high‐rise building model). A series of analytical methods were used to compare the different effects on across‐wind aerodynamic forces caused by different parameters. The results show that when the wind blows straight on the wide side of the model, steady suction arranged on the narrow side close to the leading edge can effectively reduce the fluctuating base moment. When the wind blows straight on the narrow side, steady suction arranged on the middle of the wide side effectively reduces the fluctuating base moment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

围压对TBM滚刀破岩影响规律的线性切割试验研究

 随着TBM技术在深埋隧道工程领域的应用及发展,TBM开挖过程中由高埋深或各向异性引起的岩石应力问题越来越受到人们的重视。应用北京工业大学自行研制的大型机械破岩试验平台,对4组双向等围压水平下(0,5,10和15 MPa)的大尺寸(1.0 m×1.0 m×0.6 m)北山花岗岩岩样进行线性切割试验,研究不同围压条件下滚刀破岩时作用力的曲线特征,分析围压对滚刀法向力、滚动力、岩体特征掘进指数、破岩岩片厚度和破岩比能的影响效应,并探讨围压对TBM现场掘进速率的影响。研究结果可为不同地应力条件下TBM开挖时刀盘动力参数设计与施工运行参数优化提供参考。     

Precast Concrete Blocks for High-Velocity Flow Applications

Precast concrete blocks can be used as erosion protection to a surface subjected to high-velocity water, for example a dam spillway.
The paper describes model testing carried out on flat and wedge-shaped blocks in a purpose-designed facility at the University of Salford, where an open channel discharge intensity of 0.5 m²/s can be accelerated to a velocity of 7.5 m/s.
The failure modes of tied and untied flat concrete blocks have been investigated under different laying and bedding conditions. The model results are compared to the findings from prototype studies. Results from experiments on wedge-shaped blocks of a Soviet design are also presented and confirm the Russian experience that the wedge shape is inherently stable at large discharges, a block of 100-m thickness being stable under a discharge intensity of 20 m²/s.