贵阳小关桥双肢薄壁墩抖振响应试验与影响因素分析

在原有抖振时域分析方法的基础上,提出一种考虑复气动导纳函数的修正和抖振力的空间相关性的抖振时域分析方法。为对现有抖振时域分析方法的验证,以贵阳小关桥为例,对其最大悬臂状态进行全桥气弹模型风洞试验,试验中不仅对抖振位移进行测量,还通过在墩底布设动态应变片完成墩底内力的实测。气动导纳函数分别取1、Sears函数和实测的桥梁断面复气动导纳函数,采用抖振力谱法得到考虑气动导纳修正的抖振力。另外对风洞中模型抖振力的空间相关性进行测量,分析气动导纳函数和抖振力空间相关性对结构抖振响应的影响,并与风洞气弹模型试验结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明:计算分析结果与试验结果基本一致;采用结构实际气动导纳函数的抖振响应与试验更接近;采用抖振力空间相关性计算得到的抖振响应要比采用脉动风速空间相关性的计算结果偏高。     

Seismic response of an earth dam: finite element coupling analysis and validation from centrifuge tests

Variations in acceleration and excess pore water pressure during a seismic event are critical early-warning indicators of an impending dam collapse.To assess these variations,the seismic responses for three simplified model dams,based on cross-sections through a real earthen dam,were assessed with numerical simulations and centrifuge tests.A normalized root-mean-square error was utilized as a comparison index to assess the closeness between simulated and the recorded values.Assuming that the experimental records are reliable,the reliability of the numerical program was evaluated using this root-mean-square error estimation approach.Explanations for inconsistency between the two approaches are presented.The conclusions are drawn from the results of the three model dams.     

Centrifuge model tests on the behavior of strip footing on geotextile-reinforced slopes

This paper examines the stability of geotextile-reinforced slopes when subjected to a vertical load applied to a strip footing positioned close to the slope crest. Vertical spacing between geotextile reinforcement was varied while maintaining a constant slope angle, load position, soil density and geotextile type. Small-scale physical tests were conducted using a large beam centrifuge to simulate field prototype conditions. After the model was accelerated to 40g, a load was applied to the strip footing until slope failure occurred. Digital image analysis was performed, using photographs taken in-flight, to obtain slope displacements and strain distribution along the reinforcement layers at different loading pressures during the test and at failure. Stability analysis was also conducted and compared with centrifuge model test results. The vertical spacing between reinforcement layers has a significant impact on the stability of a reinforced slope when subjected to a vertical load. Less vertical distance between reinforcement layers allows the slope to tolerate much greater loads than layers spaced further apart. Distributions of peak strains in reinforcement layers due to the strip footing placed on the surface of the reinforced slope were found to extend up to mid-height of the slope and thereafter they were found to be negligible. Stability analysis of the centrifuge models was found to be consistent with the observed performance of geotextile-reinforced slopes subjected to loading applied to a strip footing near the crest.     

不同类型装配节点的钢梁与钢管混凝土柱结构抗火性能试验研究

介绍了不同类型装配节点的钢梁与钢管混凝土柱结构的抗火性能的试验结果。节点类型包括翼板、端板、反向通道、T型接头。结构装配按照“橄榄球门柱”形式。试验中将每个承受荷载的试件置于维持标准火强度状态下的炉子中。共完成了10个试验。10个试验中的8个试件置于火中直至耐火试验结束。     

Procedural influences on non-linear distortions in welded thin-plate fabrication

Fusion welding is the most common and convenient method used for the fabrication of large, thin-plate welded structures. However, the resulting tendency to out-of-plane distortion exacts severe design and fabrication penalties in terms of poorer buckling performance, lack of fairness in external appearance, poor fit-up and frequent requirements for expensive rework. This study forms part of a long-term project that has the aim of modelling welding and related fabrication processes computationally with particular emphasis on the out-of-plane distortion outcomes. Throughout the present work the computational models have been cross-referenced to realistic experimental test cases. A repeated finding of the trials was that minor variations in fabrication procedures, were found to have significant effects on distortion. In particular, the pre-fabrication procedures, including spot and tack welding, have a significant effect on the initial out-of-plane distortion leading to differences in distortion of the post-welded structures. The support and clamping conditions during welding and cooling of welded thin-plate structures were also found to have a considerable influence on the final predicted out-of-plane distortion. The outcomes often result in different buckling instability behaviour. This paper concentrates on these aspects and draws on studies of buttwelding between plates of thicknesses 3–8 mm.     

世界各地标准贯入试验比较和共同问题

标准贯入试验是国内外广泛使用的原位测试技术之一。本文在简单介绍该试验发展过程的基础上,对比了世界各地所采用的规范标准和应用的异同,深入地探讨了试验的测量手段、结果分析方法及能量传递等问题,指出了标准贯入试验的试验深度测量、能量传递测量分析、锤击数与贯入深度测量、N值定义及度量方法、贯入深度与N值及经验公式异地应用等一些共同存在的问题,提出了基于现代科学技术的解决途径和方法。     

Scale Tests of Smoke Filling in Large Atria

The large Atriums of airports and railway stations facilitate the access to transport vehicles including shopping malls, cultural spaces, etc. For this reason, they are used by an elevated number of passengers and visitors. Numerous malls contain a large atrium too, as a principal access or as a food court, and they usually have high occupant loads. In case of fire, the smoke can affect human health seriously, and people may be unable to reach a safe place before being overcome by the conditions created by the fire. The traditional approach to fire protection by compartmentation is not applicable to these large volume spaces and the ability of sprinklers to suppress fire in spaces with high ceilings is limited. This work evaluated—using scale tests, fire computer modeling and analytical methods—a comparative analysis of the different results obtained for the smoke control in large atria when the smoke filling approach is applied. Smoke layer and plume temperatures have been registered during the scale test—based on the Froude Modeling—and they have been compared opposite to the FDS scale simulation and the FDS large scale simulation. Smoke layer descend has been studied and compared for the scale test, the computer simulations developed and the empirical equations used. The results demonstrated that the evacuation time calculation is conservative when the zone computer model CFAST, the field computer model FDS or the empirical equations are used, although it turns out to be difficult to define the interface height based on the temperatures registered during the scale tests. The zone computer models generate results faster than field computer models or smoke tests, so it would be necessary to develop better calculation algorithms to define the smoke layer interface.

基于图像技术的桥梁拉索振动测试方法

介绍了基于图像技术的桥梁拉索振动测试新方法。该测试方法利用物体与图像间映射技术和图像光流分析原理来建立拉索实际振动位移与其振动影像的数学关系,从而捕捉拉索的振动时程。文中描述的现场拉索振动试验不仅验证了该方法的可靠性,同时也显示了其相对于传统拉索动位移测试方法（如加速度计、线性位移计）的诸多优点。     

Design optimization and experimental study on beam string structures

Taking the beam string structure (BSS) in Shanghai Yuanshen Arena as a sample, the rise-span ratio, beam cross-section, area of string, prestressing force of BSS was optimized by using the ANSYS programme. It was proposed that the absolute value of the maximum deflection of the beam under dead load should be minimized in the optimization of the prestressing force. Based on three scale model tests and elastoplastic large deformation analysis, the paper investigated the behavior of BSS in the full-range including the stretching phase, serviceability phase and ultimate load carrying phase. The results showed that the midspan camber should be chosen as the control target of stretching. The failure mode of BSS was the yielding or rupture of the string, while the beam was still in the semi-plastic stage. This paper also presented the construction monitoring results of the real BSS, which satisfied design requirements well.     

考虑板式支座滑移的中小跨度梁式桥振动台试验

基于汶川地震中小跨度梁式桥普遍出现的板式橡胶支座滑移典型震害,采用大比例全桥振动台试验手段探究了考虑板式支座滑移对该类桥梁抗震性能影响。以一座25m跨径的标准简支T梁桥为例,设计了1/4缩尺比的全桥试验模型,选取一条近场脉冲型实际地震动记录作为振动台试验输入,对不同墩梁横向约束体系的结构开展了一系列振动台试验研究。试验结果表明：①强震作用下板式橡胶支座与梁底间会出现摩擦滑移效应,从而在一定程度上对下部结构起到隔震作用;②在地震动较小时,常规横向混凝土挡块可以起到一定限位效果,但在强震作用下,随着板式橡胶支座开始发生滑移,混凝土挡块的限位效果逐渐减弱,同时混凝土挡块还会造成下部结构较大的地震损伤;③新型弹塑性挡块具有良好稳定的滞回耗能能力,可有效控制强震作用下墩梁间最大相对位移需求,减低其震后残余位移,同时弹塑性挡块的屈服还可避免下部结构造成严重地震损伤。