建筑工程电气设计中的节能问题

介绍国内外建筑节能相关规范、标准的制定情况;从电动机、家用电器、配电变压器、照明灯具的选型等方面,探讨建筑工程电气设计中的节能理念、节能途径及方法;给出建筑电气专业节能专篇设计内容文字表述建议。     

湿法磨矿制备电工级硅微粉试验研究

该文选取某地石英尾砂(分级细砂)为研究对象,通过"磨矿—清洗—过滤"工艺流程的探索,主要考察磨矿时间、矿介比、介配比以及磨矿浓度对硅微粉理化指标的影响,最终确定电工级硅微粉的最佳制备试验条件。     

CONTROL OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES: III. FUZZY-BASED CONTROLLER

In this paper, a real-time fuzzy-based controller of construction activities is proposed. Because of the numerous uncertainties associated with construction activities, their control requires a different approach than the traditional feedback methods. These methods are essentially based on the knowledge of a transfer function that models the input/output relationships for the controlled system. For a highly complex and uncertain system such as a construction activity, a fuzzy-based control strategy was found to be a suitable and effective approach. The proposed control system is built in two main levels, the process and the activity levels. Each level comprises two main units, namely, the fuzzy controller and the self learning algorithm. The implementation of the control actions can be performed by either manipulating the states of the variables for the purpose of improving the process output, or changing the process behavior function for the same purpose. Practical examples are presented wherever possible to illustrate the proposed control strategy.     

利用模糊综合评判法评价水井分层注水效果

对水井分层注水进行评价,可直观体现出注水井分层注水前后的效果,为此针对各因素对水井井组影响的不确定性,建立了一套适用于井组评价的定量化方法。在对井组进行注水效果评价之前,对现有各井做出评价,并利用模糊综合评判的方法计算出井组综合评价系数来评判各个井组的性质。结合普17断块的实际地质和开发状况,根据计算得出的综合评价系数E2,找出E2值与注水效果的递增关系,通过综合系数E2值评价出各井组注水效果的优劣,既可以评价井组分层注水是否合理。     

电弧传感器和超声波传感器信息融合在焊接中的应用

利用超声波熔深测量传感器和电弧焊缝跟踪传感器联合控制焊缝跟踪精度和焊接质量。电弧传感器获取焊缝偏差信息,超声波传感器获取焊缝熔深信息,将超声波获取的焊缝熔深信息转换为焊缝偏差信息后,采用最优加权与递推最小二乘法相结合的融合算法对两种传感器得到的焊缝偏差信息进行融合处理,能有效提高焊缝跟踪精度。融合处理后的焊缝偏差信息和焊缝熔深信息输入到三输入两输出模式的模糊控制器,实现了焊接质量的在线检测,提高了焊缝跟踪精度。     

基于PSO的塔式起重机模糊神经网络滑模防摆控制

针对塔式起重机运行中重物摆动造成的工作效率降低、存在安全隐患等问题,建立塔式起重机的动力学模型,设计基于PSO的模糊神经网络滑模控制器,用于塔式起重机的定位、防摆控制。用模糊神经网络辨识塔式起重机系统模型的不确定项,并用PSO算法优化滑模控制器的参数。该方法降低了滑模控制系统的抖振,提高了控制系统的性能。仿真结果表明该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于模糊自适应PID控制的六旋翼飞行器稳定性控制

介绍了六旋翼飞行器的运动方式,根据牛顿-欧拉方程完成动力学模型的建立.依据模糊控制的相关理论以及模糊自整定PID控制器的设计过程,完成了基于模糊自适应PID算法的控制器的设计.通过对自适应模糊PID控制器进行Matlab/Simulink下的系统仿真分析,得出所设计的控制器能够较好的完成悬停任务,实现对飞行器的稳定性控制.通过试验验证了六旋翼飞行器的控制稳定性.     

Implementation of an adaptive fuzzy compensator for coupled tank liquid level control system

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) system is proposed to realize level position control of two coupled water tanks, often encountered in practical process control. The fuzzy control system includes an adaptive model identifier and controller. The gains of AFC are obtained by using the fuzzy identifier model which is defined by real system outputs and control inputs. The parameters of fuzzy identifier model are adjusted online by using recursive least square algorithm. Because the controller has a recursive form it treats model uncertainties and external disturbances in an implicit way. Thus there is no need to specify uncertainty and disturbances for this controller design in advance. A well-tuned conventional proportional integral (PI) controller is also applied to the two coupled tank system for comparison with the AFC system. Experimentation of the coupled tank system is realized in two different configurations, namely configuration #1 and configuration #2 respectively. In configuration #1, the water level in the top tank is controlled by a pump. In configuration #2, the water level in the bottom tank is controlled by the water flow coming out of the top tank. Experimental results prove that the AFC shows better trajectory tracking performance than PI controller in that the plant transient responses to the desired output changes have shorter settling time and smaller magnitude overshot/undershoot. Robustness of the AFC with respect to water level variation and capability to eliminate external disturbances are also achieved. Experimental results show that AFC is a strong and a practical choice for liquid level control.     

热处理工艺对3J53合金组织及性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对测量膜片材料3J53合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,3J53合金在920～1010℃温度区间固溶处理10 min时可获得均匀细小的晶粒组织和较低的硬度。并且,在980℃固溶温度下,合金晶粒尺寸的大小随固溶时间的增长变化不明显。进一步研究证明,3J53合金经920～1010℃×10 min固溶+670℃×5 h时效后,硬度为302～346 HV0.2,无法满足压力变送器要求。但经920℃固溶+冷轧+650～700℃×5 h时效处理后,材料的硬度显著提高。同时,当时效处理温度为670℃时,硬度达到峰值483 HV0.2,满足核级压力变送器要求。与进口产品对比发现,研制的3J53合金测量膜片样品的硬度、回差性能和原始量程温度影响性能均无显著差异,满足国产化应用要求。     

退火工艺路径对980 MPa级高强钢组织及性能的影响

为了提升980 MPa级高强钢局部成形性能,采用万能试验机、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)及综合成形试验机等研究了不同退火工艺路径的980 MPa高强钢微观组织和力学性能,并评价了其扩孔及局部成形性能。结果表明,除了有铁素体和马氏体两相外,新型Q&T工艺的组织结构还存在回火马氏体中间相,铁素体和马氏体平均晶粒尺寸分别为3.14μm和2.62μm,马氏体面积分数为61.0%,而传统工艺下为典型的铁素体及马氏体双相组织,铁素体和马氏体平均晶粒尺寸分别为4.77μm和2.77μm,马氏体面积分数为35.8%。两种工艺伸长率相差不大,但屈服强度和扩孔率具有明显差异,新型Q&T工艺下获得了更高的屈强比及扩孔性能,得益于其更小铁素体晶粒尺寸及铁素体和马氏体硬度差。传统工艺下真实断裂应变(TFS)与真实均匀应变ε_u比值为7.0,而新型Q&T工艺下比值为15.2,因此新型Q&T工艺下具有更优异的局部成形特性。