葛根素对运动疲劳大鼠海马NO-cGMP 信号系统的影响

目的：研究葛根素对运动疲劳大鼠认知能力和海马组织NO-cGMP信号系统的影响。方法：选取成年雄性SD大鼠30只。将大鼠随机分为3组：安静对照组、运动对照组、运动加药组,每组10只大鼠。对大鼠进行为期10d递增负荷游泳,测试大鼠认知能力和海马iNOS mRNA、nNOS mRNA表达和cGMP、NO含量。结果：运动对照组大鼠中心区停留时间百分比、通过原平台位置次数和nNOS mRNA含量较安静对照组显著下降,大鼠海马NO含量、cGMP含量、iNOS mRNA表达显著增加;运动加药组大鼠中心区停留时间百分比、通过原平台位置次数和nNOS mRNA表达较运动对照组显著增加。大鼠海马组织NO含量、iNOS mRNA表达、cGMP含量较运动对照组显著降低。结论：葛根素能显著降低运动疲劳大鼠海马组织的NO含量,其结果可能与iNOS mRNA表达的降低有关,并可能通过降低海马组织NO含量,使运动疲劳大鼠海马cGMP含量趋于稳定以实现运动疲劳大鼠的神经保护功能。     

Physical functioning in end-stage renal disease patients: update 2005

Physical functioning in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with dialysis is low, whether measured using objective laboratory measures, physical performance testing, or self-reported measures. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), self-reported functioning measures, and physical activity levels are independent predictors of mortality in these patients. Cardiovascular exercise training studies result in improvements in VO2peak, physical performance tests, and self-reported functioning. Resistance exercise training improves muscle strength. Exercise training may have positive benefits on other factors that are important clinical issues in dialysis patients, including cardiovascular risk profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Endothelial function, a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis, has been shown to improve with exercise training in dialysis patients. Although there have been numerous recent studies on benefits of exercise, few dialysis clinics or nephrologists provide encouragement or programs as a part of their routine care of their patients. There are many national guidelines that include exercise or increasing physical activity as a part of the treatment of many conditions that are relevant in dialysis patients, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and high cardiovascular disease risk. The nephrology community continues to state concern for outcomes; however, a simple, low-tech intervention that has many benefits to their patients (i.e., encouragement, recommendations, and opportunity for increasing physical activity) has not been adopted as part of the standard care. Adoption of routine counseling and encouragement for physical activity has the potential to improve outcomes, improve physical functioning, and optimize quality of life and overall health of dialysis patients.     

The impact of working life on health behavior: The effect of job strain on the cognitive predictors of exercise.

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and R. A. Karasek's (1979) job strain model were used to investigate the predictors of exercise in a group of employees. A total of 241 employees completed an initial questionnaire; 1 week later 213 employees responded to a questionnaire measuring behavior. Employees in high-strain jobs did significantly less exercise than those in low-strain jobs, although they did not intend to do less, suggesting that work may impede the intention implementation. Intenders who failed to exercise had significantly higher work demands and lower exercise self-efficacy than intenders who succeeded in exercising. Work also affected exercise indirectly through self-efficacy. Thus, work may be a target for behavior change intervention because of its impact at 2 stages of the TPB. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Worksite intervention effects on sleep quality: A randomized controlled trial.

Employees with sleep disturbance are at increased risk of disease. Exercise is believed to be effective for improving sleep quality, but few studies have been conducted. This study investigated the effects of a 24-week worksite exercise/behavioral intervention on self-rated sleep quality, via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), in 73 employees. Greater post-test improvements in the PSQI (-2.0 ± 2.6 vs. -1.3 ± 2.7 points, p = .006, and -16 ± 61 vs. -1 ± 76%, p = .02) were found in treatment versus controls, and in women versus men (by -2.7 points [-5.0 to -0.3 points, p = .03], and by -72% [-142 to -2%, p = .04]). Similar results were found in the shift worker subgroup. Changes in sleep scores were not significantly related to baseline characteristics, changes in psychological health or quality-of-life scores, or level of exercise compliance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of Exercise on Pavlovian Fear Conditioning.

Exercise promotes multiple changes in hippocampal morphology and should, as a result, alter behavioral function. The present experiment investigated the effect of exercise on learning using contextual and auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning. Rats remained inactive or voluntarily exercised (VX) for 30 days, after which they received auditory-cued fear conditioning. Twenty-four hours later, rats were tested for learning of the contextual and auditory conditional responses. No differences in freezing behavior to the discrete auditory cue were observed during the training or testing sessions. However, VX rats did freeze significantly more compared to controls when tested in the training context 24 hr after exposure to shock. The enhancement of contextual fear conditioning provides further evidence that exercise alters hippocampal function and learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈体育课准备部分的重要性

每节体育课是由准备部分(开始部分)、基本部分、结束部分构成的．而这些构成部分之间是相互联系的．一环扣一环的．缺少某一部分，就会造成教学的不完善．甚至导致损伤的出现．因此．准备部分是上好每节体育课的前提和基础．准备部分任务完成的好坏，将直接影响基本部分任务的完成，它对增进健康、增强体质、防止伤害事故、掌握体育知识、技术．技能都有重要意义。     

广州市电网大面积停电演习的组织与实践

近年来，国内外许多城市相继发生大面积停电事故，给社会造成了巨大的损失。我国供电企业积极配合政府部门迅速建立电网事故状态下的应急处理机制，并开展社会综合应急演习势在必行。为此，广州市政府牵头组织、广州供电局具体筹划了2005年广州市大面积停电事故联合演习。通过演习，政府部门、供电企业、用电单位和普通市民都对停电危机有了更深刻的认识，同时，演习也为城市电力应急机制的完善做出了有益的探索。广州供电局通过组织演习和建设应急指挥中心，大大提高了对大面积停电事故处理的应急指挥能力和对外协调能力。     

基于网络的大学生健身锻炼资源库的构建与应用

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实验法和数理统计法，针对大学生体质与健康状况，整合了健身锻炼信息资源，构建了大学生健身锻炼资源库，以方便学生有目的、有针对性地进行健身锻炼。教学实验表明，实验组学生通过健身锻炼资源库的学习与教师辅导下的自主练习耐力素质和力量素质均有所提高。问卷调查显示：学生对健身锻炼资源库的认可程度较高，并认为有助于掌握系统的体育健身知识和实用的健身锻炼手段与方法。