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151.
Economic ideas and processes are becoming increasingly integrated with more traditional engineering and hydrologic models
of water management problems. Combining economic management concepts and performance indicators with an engineering-level
of understanding of a hydrologic system can provide results and insights more directly relevant for water management decisions
and policies. When such models are developed and used with involvement of stakeholders, they can become a basis for shared
understanding of water problems as a foundation for negotiated management and policy solutions. When implemented with optimization
software, integrated hydro-economic models also can suggest promising innovative solutions for policy-makers to consider.
Their applications to river basin management problems are reviewed. Economic and integrated economic-engineering-hydrologic
modeling is then discussed in the context of the evolving European Water Framework Directive. Relevant items are cost recovery
and water pricing, cost-effectiveness of water management measures, and public participation in decision processes. 相似文献
152.
153.
深大露天矿的间断向半连续开采工艺过渡时,合理深度及半连续开采工艺的移设步距是两个重要的开采参数,对矿山的经济效果影响巨大,本文首次提出采用组合台阶单位体的开采来分析确定这两个重要的参数,得到的结论在霍林河煤矿的应用中取得了满意的结果,对其它类似矿山具有应用价值。 相似文献
154.
ARMA噪声中的正弦波检测 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
本文提出一种ARMA噪声中正弦波检测的方法,本方法先用改进的Prony法估计可能存在的正弦波,然后利用一种综合考虑衰减因子以及MUSIC值的准则从估计结果中区分正统率波的真伪。数值例子表明,本文方法比Prong方法及MUSIC方法具有更高的分辨力。 相似文献
155.
三维地震资料的处理与解释往往都需要三维正演模型给予验证,以得到准确的处理、解释结果。本文提出的三维正演方法是一种偏移算法的逆运算方法-有限差分反偏移法。这一算法具有算法简单、运算量小及深度方向分辨率高的特点,是一种快速、高精度的正演算法。反偏移法虽是偏移算法的逆运算法,却出现常规偏移算法中所没有的很多问题。为此,本文进行了三种不同反偏移方法试验,并采用了一种新的浮动坐标变换,使正演结果精度得到很大 相似文献
156.
数值地形图的生成及其水文地貌特征评价 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15
数值地形图(DEM)是利用地理信息系统(GIS)进行流域水文模拟的基础, 其精度直接影响模拟结果在没有现成的数值地形图时, 应用人员往往利用传统的地形图来生成它. 本文分别采用Arc/Info地理信息系统软件提供的哈奇逊法和不规则三角网五次插值法, 对一个实验流域的高程取样点进行插值, 生成了4种不同的数值地形图, 从凹洼分布、流域界定、河网提取、地面坡度和地形指数、以及地面径流汇成等方面, 对它们的水文地貌精度进行了比较. 结果表明, 两种方法都能生成由高程点群所反映的地形, 然而由于哈奇逊法能够结合流域的河网结构及其具有物理基础的水文地貌加强法来处理凹洼问题, 因此大大地提高了其所生成的流域数值地形图水文地貌特征精度. 相似文献
157.
We modeled nisin's anticlostridial activity and assessed the antagonistic or potentiating influences of food ingredients. The model systems contained yeast extract, proteose peptone, and glucose; were supplemented with protein (0.075, 0.75, 7.5% w/v), phospholipid (0.075, 0.75, 7.5% w/v), or soluble starch (5, 17.5, 30% w/v); and were adjusted to pH 5.5, 6.0, or 6.5. Samples inoculated with 104/mL spores were incubated at 15, 25, or 35°C. Statistical analysis developed an equation (r2= 0.76) that modeled the response and identified temperature as the most significant (α 0.001) variable. Nisin lost effectiveness with increasing temperature. Nisin concentration had significant positive and phospholipid negative, linear effects. Many interactive effects were significant (α 0.20). Nisin inhibited C. botulinum until its residual level dropped below a threshold, which decreased from 154 IU/mL at 35°C to 12 IU/mL at 15°C. 相似文献
158.
Mathematical models describing dynamics of crust formation and kinetics of crust color and firmness changes were developed for the deep-fat frying of beef meatballs. Good agreement (R2 ranged between 0.815 and 0.987) was observed between experimental and predicted data. Crust color lightness, redness, and yellowness decreased exponentially with frying time while total color change increased. All color parameters followed first order reaction kinetics. Meatball firmness was measured by peak force obtained from a puncture test whose kinetics model had a reaction rate constant of 5.39E-3 1/(s.Nn-1) and a reaction order of 0.0013. 相似文献
159.
A finite element parametric study on the mechanical properties of J-shaped steel hysteresis devices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shiro Kato 《Journal of Constructional Steel Research》2006,62(8):802-811
The present paper discusses the mechanical properties of J-shaped steel hysteresis devices, abbreviated to “J-dampers”, interposed between the upper structure of a spatial structure and its substructure. The mechanical properties of a J-damper, which are characterized by its key geometrical and material parameters, are evaluated through parametric analyses using an in-house Finite Element program. The hysteresis behavior of a J-damper is also modeled by a bi-linear elasto-plastic hysteresis model with the strain-hardening effect. Its elastic stiffness, yield strength and dimensionless hardening ratio, which are expressed as functions of the parameters, are formulated on the basis of mathematical models and the results of parametric studies. Finally, some remarks relevant to the application of the proposed hysteresis model are made for the design of the J-damper. 相似文献
160.