Novel nitrogen‐containing epoxy resin. II. Cure kinetics by differential scanning calorimetry

The isothermal and nonisothermal cure behaviors of a novel nitrogen‐containing epoxy resin (XT resin) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Various kinetic parameters and details of cure process were obtained based on the Avrami theory. The results indicated that Avrami method is suitable for calculating the kinetic parameters up to the gel point at least. The apparent activation energy (E_a) for isothermal cure process was in agreement with that for nonisothermal cure process. E_a value in the early stage (78.5–81.0 KJ mol^?1) was about three times than that in the later stage (23.3–26.5 KJ mol^?1). The kinetic results from Avrami theory may present a combined effect of all factors, and which is helpful to understand the cure technique for XT–DDS system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3483–3489, 2006     

销钉机筒挤出机内销钉附近物料流场分析及功率计算

采用当量粘度的方法，基于牛顿流体模型，提出销钉机筒挤出机内销钉附近流场的应力及速度分布数学模型和销钉消耗功率的计算方法。用NR／炭黑混炼胶进行的挤出过程中销钉消耗功率的研究结果表明，实测值与计算值的相对误差只有4％。     

The kinetics of B‐a and P‐a type copolybenzoxazine via the ring opening process

The structure of benzoxazines is similar to that of phenolic resin through thermal self‐curing of the heterocyclic ring opening reaction that neither requires catalyst nor releases any condensation byproduct. These polybenzoxazine resins have several outstanding properties such as high thermal stability and high glass transition temperature. To better understand the curing kinetics of this copolybenzoxazine thermosetting resin, dynamic and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry measurements were performed. Three models, the Kissinger method, the Flynn–Wall–Osawa method, and the Kamal method, were used to describe the curing process. Dynamic kinetic activation energies based on Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Osawa methods are 72.11 and 84.06 KJ/mol, respectively. The Kamal method based on an autocatalytic model results in a total order of reaction between 2.66 and 3.03, depending on curing temperature. Its activation energy and Arrhenius preexponential are 50.3 KJ/mol and 7959, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 730–737, 2005     

Chemical Composition Determination at the Bottom Region of a Recovery Boiler Furnace by Direct Minimization of Gibbs Free Energy

An optimization strategy has been applied to describe the chemical composition at the furnace bottom in the Kraft recovery boiler of a pulp production process. The concentrations of each involved chemical species were calculated through an optimization approach, minimizing the Gibbs free energy of the system. Various systems were proposed and tested, assuming different chemical species and phases number. Because serious initialization problems were found at this stage for some of the proposed systems, an optimization heuristic method (PSO) was used for the first approach to the problem. Once the appropriate phases number and chemical species in the system were determined, the initialization problems disappeared and the use of a deterministic optimization method (SQP) became viable. The proposed approach has shown to be satisfactory to reproduce industrial data and also data reported in the open scientific literature.     

极限理论在数学分析中的地位与作用及求极限的方法

极限的思想是近代数学的一种重要思想,数学分析就是以极限概念为基础、极限理论(包括级数)为主要工具来研究函数的一门学科。所谓极限的思想,是指用极限概念分析问题和解决问题的一种数学思想。用极限思想解决问题的一般步骤可概括为:对于被考察的未知量,先设法构思一个与它有关的变量,确认这变量通过无限过程的结果就是所求的未知量;最后用极限计算来得到这结果。     

基于组织学习理论的装备保障能力生成研究

应用组织学习理论（organizational learning theory,OLT）,分析了装备保障能力生成与组织学习的相关性,对基于组织学习理论的装备保障能力生成机理进行了剖析,并从本体论角度对装备保障能力生成过程中的知识转移和创新进行了研究,最后提出了基于组织学习理论的装备保障能力生成应该注意的问题。可为系统认识和指导我军装备保障能力生成模式转变提供思路。     

配电变压器容量选择方法探讨

主要探讨了变压器容量选择应考虑的因素及变压器容量选择的几种方法．通过技术分析和计算,确定变压器最佳负荷系数、最小功率损耗、节能负荷系数以及经济负荷系数．在综合考虑用户负荷以及初装费用的情况下,确定合理的变压器运行方式及变压器容量,以便能够实现变压器的经济运行,减少变压器的有功功率损耗,为用户节省投资和运行成本,最大限度满足用户的需求．     

2020年中国低碳能源中期目标解读

提出了关联能源强度ε与碳强度κ的一个新的能源经济参数—能源碳强度ω;并用以核算、澄清了中国政府宣布的2020年"节能(降低ε)"与"减排(CO2)"两个目标之间的关系.估算出了到2020年中国能源消耗为41亿吨标煤、人均2.93吨标煤、能源弹性系数0.5,二氧化碳排放量不超过76亿吨、占世界24.7%的目标数据;指出了实现这一宏伟目标的最重要途径:除快速发展非化石能源和煤的CCS利用外,就是产业转型和发展天然气冷热电联供能源系统,大幅度提高能效.     

对称双弹簧振子系统的横振动的主共振与分岔

采用渐进法求近似解并用四阶Runge-Kutta法求数值解进行验证,分析和讨论了对称双弹簧振子受迫横振动周期解的多值性和振幅跳跃现象;绘制系统的分岔图研究系统拓扑结构随参数f0的变化,分析系统进入混沌的道路。结合对系统的Lyapunov指数、相轨图及Poincare映射的分析验证了上述结论,最后给出了系统的Lyapunov维数谱。     

综合物探方法在地热资源勘查中的应用

地热资源作为一种可再生资源,具有安全、清洁、储量巨大的特点,可用于发电、工业和直接利用等。介绍了地热资源的成因和类型,分析了几种常见地热资源的分布特征,探讨了综合物探方法在地热资源勘探中的应用及前景。