An Efficient Handover Mechanism Using the General Switch Management Protocol on a Multi‐Protocol Label Switching Network

Using the general switch management protocol on a multi‐protocol label switching network, we present an efficient method for handling handovers. The proposed method directly changes an established path into a new path for supporting a handover. Our investigation reveals the effects of the proposed scheme and demonstrates that this method significantly reduces signaling costs and delays.     

基于移动IPv6的分层式路由

移动节点在两个不同子网之间移动时将产生切换,这里简单介绍了移动IPv6的原理,对移动节点越区切换技术作了详细的分析HMIPv6,提出一种基于分层机制的移动IPv6路由管理模型。该模型支持路由优化,能在域内、域问移动时实现快速切换以减少延迟,提高网络资源利用率。     

QoS-aware dynamic MAP selection schemes in HMIPv6 networks

We consider a dynamic Mobile Anchor Point (MAP) selection problem when there are both real-time and non-real time sessions in a Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) network. We propose schemes in which Mobile Nodes (MNs) holding real-time sessions register with the root MAP in a hierarchy of MAPs to reduce the inter-domain handovers while those with non-real time sessions select one either to balance the load or to reduce handover frequencies.     

An efficient design and validation technique for secure handover between 3GPP LTE and WLANs systems

Future generations wireless systems, which integrate different wireless access networks together, will support a secured seamless mobility and a wide variety of applications and services with different quality of service (QoS) requirements. Most of the existing re-authentication protocols during vertical handover still have certain limitations such as man in the middle, eavesdropping and session hijacking attacks, and unacceptable delay for real time applications. In this article, we propose two re-authentication schemes to secure handover between 3GPP LTE and WLANs systems: Initial Handover Re-authentication Protocol, and Local Re-authentication Protocol. The second proposed protocol is executed locally in a WLAN network without contacting the authentication server of the home network for credentials verification. In fact, after a successful execution of the Initial Handover Re-authentication Protocol, the local key (LK) is shared between USIM and the authentication server of the WLAN. It is then used for securing handover and traffic in WLAN networks. Performance evaluation results obtained using simulation analysis show that the proposed re-authentication protocol enhances handover parameters such as handover latency, handover blocking rate and packet loss rate. Additionally, the proposed enhanced fast re-authentication protocol has been modeled and verified using the software AVISPA and is found to be safe.     

移动WiMAX中结合关联级别2且利用R6信令交互进行参数协商的硬切换机制

移动WtMAX技术具有传输距离远、接入速度高、支持移动性等特点,该系统网络的切换是支持移动性的关键技术,如果切换时延越大,会造成MS在越长的时间内无法与服务BS交互媒体面数据,从而使网络服务质量大幅下降。本文针对移动WiMAX现有切换机制的时延进行了分析,发现其切换时延极大的影响了WiMAX的服务质量,因此本文在分析了约束切换时延优化的主要因素上提出一种新的结合关联2且利用R6信令进行参数协商的硬切换机制,经过模拟测试和性能分析得出该机制可以有效减小硬切换时延,能够满足移动WiMAX较高服务质量的要求。     

基于SPN的CTCS-3级列控系统RBC切换建模与分析

在CTCS-3级列控系统中,RBC切换是车载设备的关键功能之一,它严重影响着列车的行车效率。本文采用随机Petri网层次化建模思想,对基于一部车载电台RBC切换方式进行建模和分析。建立了GSM—R故障模型为最底层模型,之后建立了周期性消息模型和非周期性消息模型,在此之上建立了RBC切换模型。最后,利用建模仿真软件TimeNET进行了仿真实验,以基于一部车载电台的RBC切换为例进行了分析,得到在不同列车运行速度和不同消息重发时间间隔对RBC切换成功率和切换时间的影响。     

Multihomed SIP‐based network mobility for the scheduled public transit service

Network mobility (NEMO) enables a group of nodes to connect to the back‐end infrastructure during the movement. Because a vehicle must provide passengers good enough transmission quality, various access techniques, for example, 3 G/3.5 G, Wi‐Fi or dedicated short range communication, can be simultaneously equipped to aggregate bandwidth and tolerate link failure. This paper extends the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)‐based NEMO framework to support multihoming. First, IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) is integrated to manage multiple egress interfaces in an on‐board unit (OBU). Second, a dynamic synchronization mechanism using the SIP SUBSCRIBE and NOTIFY methods is proposed to manage multiple OBUs in a vehicle. Furthermore, the framework is applied to public transportation systems, for example, bus, train, or mass rapid transit. Passengers may need to transit several times during their journeys. The transit behavior must induce a flood of signaling messages for location update. In this paper, the SIP REFER method is exploited to reduce signaling messages while a group of passengers have scheduled their transit in advance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MG-HMIP协议模型的实现及应用

由于无线局域网(WLAN)IEEE802.11协议不能解决移动节点的三层漫游问题,介绍了WLAN与移动IP结合的解决方案。由于上述方案存在切换延时长、不支持微移动性等缺陷,研究了分层移动IP技术,并对分层移动IP进行了改进,提出了一个多GFA分层移动IP(MG-HMIP)模型,并详细介绍了MG-HMIP模型的注册机制和MN选择GFA的机制。最后,给出了MG-HMIP与WLAN结合的模型。这个改进的方案不仅解决了WLAN与传统的MobileIP结合所存在的切换延时长、频繁切换等问题,而且增强了分层移动IP的网络健壮性。     

Moving toward seamless mobility: state of the art and emerging aspects in standardization bodies

The challenge to provide seamless mobility in the near future emerges as a key topic in various standardization bodies. This includes first of all the support of seamless handover between homogeneous networks. Distinct technologies—such as IEEE 802.11WLANs (Wi-Fi) and IEEE 802.16 MANs WiMAX—have recently augmented such support to existing standards to enable seamless homogeneous handover. Cellular networks, in contrast, already included this inherently from the start. Currently considerable effort goes into coupling of different radio access technologies. Therefore, the second key topic in standardization is seamless heterogeneous handovers. IEEE, IETF, as well as 3GPP consider different approaches toward architectures and protocols enabling seamless mobility management. In this work, we discuss recent and on-going standardization activities within IEEE, IETF, and 3GPP toward seamless homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mobility support.     

BSS transition optimizations and analysis for VoIP over WLAN

Voice over IP (VoIP) is emerging as a critical application for IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). However, the limited range of the IEEE 802.11 radio forces frequent transitions from one access point to another. Moreover, the introduction of IEEE 802.11i security and IEEE 802.11e Quality of Service (QoS) has increased the average transition time from ms to seconds, leaving mobile users with the unenviable dilemma of choosing good security and QoS while sacrificing real-time performance, or gaining acceptable real-time performance at the expense of security and QoS. Thus, optimizations to device transitioning that will provide an acceptable balance of latency, security, and QoS are needed to enable VoIP. This paper analyzes WLANs MAC layer transition procedure and optimizations being considered by IEEE 802.11 Working Group to improve transition times while retaining good security and QoS. The transition time improvements proposed in this paper are achieved through discovery phase optimizations and transition phase optimizations. The selective scanning and smart AP selection algorithms are designed to optimize the discovery phase to enable the mobile device to better exploit its ambient radio resource environment. The transition phase optimization seeks to accelerate device transition without compromising security. The paper then identifies security flaws in the current design and proposes simple corrections. Finally, experiment results for transition optimization are explained that demonstrate a significant increase in transition efficiency.