互联网与中国当代大学生法纪教育

首先介绍了互联网的基本特点以及我国互联网近几年的动态发展情况，然后初步阐述了互联网给当代大学生法纪教育带来的机遇和挑战，最后提出应从以下五个方面加强互联网时代当代大学生法纪教育：1）加强大学生网络道德教育；2）逐步建立一套完整的维护中国互联网络发展 的法律体系；3）充分发挥高校局域网在开展大学生法制和纪律教育方面的阵地作用；4）努力提高高校思想政治教育工作者的信息素质；5）在高等学校尽快开设有关互联网安全和道德教育的公共课程。     

GSA: A Gravitational Search Algorithm

In recent years, various heuristic optimization methods have been developed. Many of these methods are inspired by swarm behaviors in nature. In this paper, a new optimization algorithm based on the law of gravity and mass interactions is introduced. In the proposed algorithm, the searcher agents are a collection of masses which interact with each other based on the Newtonian gravity and the laws of motion. The proposed method has been compared with some well-known heuristic search methods. The obtained results confirm the high performance of the proposed method in solving various nonlinear functions.     

Fitts＇定律实验的设计与实现

首先,介绍了Fitts＇定律,然后,设计了验证Fitts＇定律的实验,最后,使用Matlab7.0.1对数据进行了统计和分析.实验结果有效地验证了Fitts＇定律,并且Fitts＇ Law（错误率为4％）得到的预测模型精度高于通过“effective width”Fitts＇ Law得到的预测模型.     

集成电路技术的发展

回顾了集成电路技术的发展历史,展望了集成电路未来的发展趋势。在微电子技术诞生和发展过程中具有一些里程碑式的发明,如:晶体管、集成电路、集成电路平面工艺、MOS器件、微处理器、光刻技术、铜互连工艺的发明等。集成电路技术一直并将继续以特征尺寸缩小、集成度提高的模式,按摩尔定律预测的指数增长率发展。随着器件特征尺寸逐渐缩小并逼近其物理极限,集成电路技术的发展将受到来自于材料、工艺和物理基础等方面的挑战,呈现出多维发展的趋势,这些挑战涉及了微电子学的理论基础。     

Development of an Internal Web Site for a Law Firm

Abstract

The Information Services Department at the Washington, DC law firm, Dickstein Shapiro Morin & Oshinsky, decided in 1995 to provide firmwide access to the Internet. Two separate World Wide Web home pages would be created to meet the divergent needs of the Marketing Department and the information resource requirements of the attorneys, who would be using the Internet for research. In the course of developing Internet pages for the firm, the Library began working in conjunction with attorneys in various practice sections to locate and create Internet resources. The cooperation between attorneys and the Libraiy has led to Internet pages of hypertext linked resources for each specific practice section within the firm. Furthermore, some of the pages of resources have evolved into home pages for the various sections.     

Capture of shrinking targets

‘Shrinking targets’ are targets whose size diminishes with time. The task studied is a modification of Fitts' (1954 Fitts, P. M. 1954. The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67(6): 381–391. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) paradigm, with the difference that, as soon as the movement is started, the target size reduces at a constant rate until it finally vanishes. Very little research has been reported on this problem apart from Johnson and Hart (1987 Johnson, W. W. and Hart, S. G. Step tracking shrinking targets. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st annual meeting. October1987, New York City. pp.248–252. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.  [Google Scholar]) and Hancock and Caird (1993 Hancock, P. A. and Caird, J. K. 1993. Experimental evaluation of a model of mental workload. Human Factors, 35(3): 413–429. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Two experiments are reported aimed at determining the parameters that affect the movement time and the probability of capturing a target when there are different amplitudes of movement, target widths and shrink rates. A multiplicative model is required to describe movement time data, which is dependent on Fitts' Index of Difficulty, the shrink rate and the product of these two variables. An alternative model describes the critical movement time, for a specified probability of target capture, in a modified form of Fitts' Law.

Statement of Relevance: Modifications of Fitts' Law have been developed for many different movement tasks. Shrinking targets occur in circumstances such as gunnery and in computer games, where a target is moving away from the person. An expression is developed for the critical time to capture the target in terms of a modified form of Fitts' Law.     

A <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-norm pruning algorithm for decision tree classifiers based on error rate estimation

Decision trees are well-known and established models for classification and regression. In this paper, we focus on the estimation and the minimization of the misclassification rate of decision tree classifiers. We apply Lidstone’s Law of Succession for the estimation of the class probabilities and error rates. In our work, we take into account not only the expected values of the error rate, which has been the norm in existing research, but also the corresponding reliability (measured by standard deviations) of the error rate. Based on this estimation, we propose an efficient pruning algorithm, called k-norm pruning, that has a clear theoretical interpretation, is easily implemented, and does not require a validation set. Our experiments show that our proposed pruning algorithm produces accurate trees quickly, and compares very favorably with two other well-known pruning algorithms, CCP of CART and EBP of C4.5. Editor: Hendrik Blockeel.     

Visual and manual loadings with QWERTY-like ambiguous keyboards: Relevance of letter-key assignments on mobile phones

Mobile phone touchscreens have many ergonomic problems related to text entry. Previous studies, which attempted to use ambiguous keyboards to resolve problem of small keys, focused on the disambiguation process without consideration of the user loading on graphic user interface. This study investigates user loadings, which interfere with performance in the key selection phase when using an ambiguous keyboard. Hence, three QWERTY-like ambiguous keyboards and a standard QWERTY keyboard were compared via visual search and manual operation experiments. The visual search experiment shows that layouts with many letters per key were strongly related to long visual search times, and layouts with large keys were operated faster and more accurately in the manual operation experiment. Consequently, the trade-off between visual and manual loading differed among different letter-key assignments. This study is important in that it elucidates the impacts of visual and manual loadings on ambiguous keyboards, as well as in providing user interface designers with an enhanced understanding of how to design ambiguous keyboards based on user criteria.Relevance to industryAmbiguous keyboard designs in previous studies were generally far from the actual needs of users. This study examines the factors affecting text entry performance of users via the user-centered approach, improving the understanding of designers.     

On a new class of fuzzy implications: h-Implications and generalizations

A new class of fuzzy implications called the h-implications is introduced. They are implications generated from an additive generator of a representable uninorm in a similar way of Yager’s f- and g-implications which are generated from additive generators of continuous Archimedean t-norms and t-conorms. Basic properties of these implications are studied in detail. Modifications and generalizations of the initial definition are presented and their properties studied and compared between them. One of the modifications, called (h, e)-implications, is another example of a fuzzy implication satisfying the exchange principle but not the law of importation for any t-norm, in fact for any function F : [0, 1]² → [0, 1].     

The effects of body armour on the power development and agility of police officers

Abstract

A study was conducted in which 11 police officers wore one of three different types of Individual Light Armour Vests (ILAV), or normal station wear, for an entire day while completing power and agility-based tasks including a vertical jump (VJ), agility test, 20?m sprint and counter movement jump (CMJ). Despite all three ILAVs being significantly (p?<?.05) heavier than normal station wear, there were no significant differences between any of the ILAVs in VJ, time to complete the agility test, 20?m sprint time, peak force, velocity, power and jump distance in the CMJ. There was a significantly (p?<?.05) higher mean force produced in the CMJ while wearing all three ILAVs. The ILAV’s investigated do not appear to be heavy enough to significantly affect the power or agility of police officers. The utilisation of ILAVs by police officers does not appear to hinder policing tasks that involve agility or power development.

Practitioner summary: The addition of the extra load of military-styled body armour is known to decrease performance and mobility. When compared to normal station wear, the wearing of three different ILAV types used in policing do not appear to be heavy enough to affect the power or agility of police officers.

Abbreviations: ILAV: individual light armour vest; VJ: vertical jump; CMJ: counter movement jump; N: normal station wear