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蛇曲井是不同于常规水平井的一种新型复杂结构井，其水平段在纵向上存在较大起伏，不能用常规水平井的压降模型计算其压降。文章对蛇曲井微元段的两相分层流动进行了分析，根据连续性方程和动量方程, 建立了蛇曲井水平段两相分层流动的压力梯度模型，在定产量和定井底流压两种工作制度下，给出了蛇曲井的水平段在两相分层流时的压降计算方法。应用文章所建模型和水平井的水平段压降计算模型分别计算了某蛇曲井水平段在气水两相分层流动时的压降，结果表明蛇曲井水平段的井筒压降不能用常规水平井水平段的压降模型计算，蛇曲井水平段的井筒压降不能忽略。     

A finite element model for analyzing horizontal well BHA behavior

Horizontal wells are proven to be better producers because they can be extended for a long distance in the pay zone. Engineers have the technical means to forecast the well productivity for a given horizontal length. However, experiences have shown that the actual production rate is often significantly less than that of forecasted. There are a number of reasons for the discrepancy of predicted to actual production rates in horizontal wells. However, it is a difficult task, if not impossible, to identify the real reason why a horizontal well is not producing what was forecasted. Often, the source of problem lies in the drilling of horizontal section such as permeability reduction in the pay zone due to mud invasion or snaky well patterns created during drilling. Although drillers aim to drill a constant inclination hole once in the pay zone, the more frequent outcome is a sinusoidal wellbore trajectory.Logging while drilling (LWD) and real time measurement of resistivity at bit help drill in the pay zone by constant monitoring of borehole trajectory and formation boundaries. Rotary steerable tools (RTS) allow spontaneous intervention to drilling direction and inclination if run with LWD tools. Nevertheless, there are still many cases where LWD cannot be deployed due to technical difficulties. One such case was noticed in the Middle East where LWD sensors were worn out completely during 1 h run time due to extreme formation abrasiveness. In the absence of LWD and RTS, it becomes a challenging task to drill a constant inclination borehole which will be addressed in this paper.The two factors, which play an important role in wellbore tortuosity, are the inclination and side force at bit. A constant inclination horizontal well can only be drilled if the bit face is maintained perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of bottom hole assembly (BHA) while keeping the side force nil at the bit. This approach assumes that there exists no formation force at bit. Hence, an appropriate BHA can be designed if bit side force and bit tilt are determined accurately.Finite element method (FEM) used in this study determines the bit side force and bit tilt simultaneously. The FEM is superior to existing analytical techniques because it can accommodate many more independent parameters which otherwise cannot be taken into account. As a matter of fact, it is believed that oversimplification of actual physical phenomena with unacceptable assumptions is the major source of error with existing BHA designs.This paper presents an FEM technique in assessing the bit tilt and side forces and compares the results with the existing techniques.     

庄平3井低固相低伤害完井液体系研究与试验

针对西峰油田特低渗透油层，通过对储层的物性特征、储层敏感性矿物、地层水性质的分析研究和室内敏感性评价实验，初步搞清了钻井完井液对特低渗透储层的伤害机理，确定了完井液施工措施，并研制出一种新型的水平井低伤害完井液体系，在庄平3井进行了试验，应用效果良好。     

胜利油田孤东九区GD9-P3水平井注汽参数优化

针对胜利油田孤东九区西块油藏地质特征,开展了稠油油藏水平井注汽参数优化数值模拟研究.建立了地质模型,进行了生产动态历史拟合,对九区西块馆上段4砂层组Ng42层GD9-P3井注汽参数进行了优化.通过注汽参数优化,得到最佳周期注汽量范围在2000～2300t,最佳注汽速度为8.4t/h,最佳焖井时间为5～7d,最佳注汽干度...     

变形介质低渗透气藏水平井产能分析

大量实验研究证实低渗透气藏中气体渗流需要克服启动压力梯度,同时气体渗流还要受应力敏感效应影响。针对变形介质低渗透气藏,利用保角变换等方法,考虑非均质性、压力敏感效应、启动压力梯度以及表皮效应等影响因素,推导出了水平井产量计算模型。研究表明,各种考虑影响因素对低渗透气藏水平井的产量影响呈近似线性变化关系;非均质性的影响程度最大,其垂向渗透率高将有利于水平井产量的提高。通过实例计算说明该模型产能预测结果的相对误差小。     

BH-NAT钻井液在苏20-17-16H井的应用

通过BH-NAT钻井液首次在苏里格气田苏20-17-16H井的成功应用,解决了二开定向井段易发生严重漏失以及水平段钻遇大段泥岩易垮塌问题,满足了敏感储层和环境保护要求严格的井的施工.现场应用表明,该钻井液配方简单、维护方便、选用处理剂品种少,体系抑制防塌性较强,应用过程无需使用磺化类及分散性处理剂,可控成本潜力大;抗污染能力较好,使用过程无气泡,不黏糊振动筛,不存在跑浆问题,净化设备的使用情况优于同区块其它钻井液体系;钻井液携砂及润滑性良好,岩屑代表性好;对于该区块施工的水平井,二开采用φ215.9 mm钻头,可以提高机械钻速,降低钻井综合成本.     

气藏水平井产能及水平段压力损失综合研究

为了高效合理的利用水平井开发火山岩气藏,在前人研究的基础上,分析了水平井水平段压力损失对水平井稳态产能的影响。由于水平井水平段井筒内部压力分布不均,根据质量守恒原理以及单元体受力分析,推导出了考虑摩擦压力损失的火山岩气藏水平井产能计算方法并进行了数值求解。定义了相对压力损失系数(PE)来表述摩擦压力损失的程度,利用以上数值求解方法分别对火山岩气藏水平井稳定产能和水平段压力损失的影响因素进行了分析。     

超标卧式容器受力分析与设计

对钢制卧式容器标准JB/T4731—2005不适用的卧式容器,如鞍座不对称的、采用非标鞍座的、承受多个附加载荷的、三鞍座支撑的、埋地的以及带有夹套的卧式容器等,进行了详细的受力分析,并提出了工程设计计算方法。     

高温高压三维水平井物理模拟系统

石油勘探开发科学研究院与美国德士古公司合作投资兴建的“高温高压三维水平井物理模拟系统”主要用于研究水平井或其它复杂结构井的提高采收率机理。利用三维填砂模型模拟地下油藏条件下的非热力开采过程 ,填砂模型上可以布置水平井、垂直井或其它复杂结构井模拟生产井和注水井 ;填砂模型上布置了1 0 0个差压传感器 ,监测实验过程中模型内压力分布 ,通过压力分布可以计算得到饱和度分布。该系统工作压力可以达到 1 0MPa,温度可以达到 1 2 0℃ ;系统数据采集、测量和控制全部实现自动化 ,减少了人为误差 ,测量精度高 ,并且可以长时间连续操作。图 2参 6(江如意摘 )     

射孔完井的水平井向井流动态关系

针对几种常见类型油藏（底水驱油藏,边水驱油藏,上、下封闭边界油藏）导出了射孔完井的水平井生产时单相原油三维稳态流动的压力分布,并根据质量守恒原理及动量定理导出了射孔水平井筒内压降计算新公式。建立了耦合油层中渗流与水平井筒内流动的向井流动态关系模型,提出了求解模型的方法。用该模型制作了一口实例水平井的向井流动态关系曲线,并分析了射孔密度对其产量的影响,该模型可用于水平井产能预测及射孔参数优选。图３表１参８（陈志宏摘）