Field Performance of a Compacted Clay Landfill Final Cover at a Humid Site

A study was conducted in southern Georgia, USA, to evaluate how the hydraulic properties of the compacted clay barrier layer in a final landfill cover changed over a 4-year service life. The cover was part of a test section constructed in a large drainage lysimeter that allowed continuous monitoring of the water balance. Patterns in the drainage (i.e., flow from the bottom of the cover) record suggest that preferential flow paths developed in the clay barrier soon after construction, apparently in response to desiccation cracking. After four years, the clay barrier was excavated and examined for changes in soil structure and hydraulic conductivity. Tests were conducted in situ with a sealed double-ring infiltrometer and two-stage borehole permeameters and in the laboratory on hand-carved blocks taken during construction and after four years of service. The in situ and laboratory tests indicated that the hydraulic conductivity increased approximately three orders of magnitude (from ≈ 10?7?to? ≈ 10?4?cm?s?1) during the service life. A dye tracer test and soil structure analysis showed that extensive cracking and root development occurred throughout the entire depth of the barrier layer. Laboratory tests on undisturbed specimens of the clay barrier indicated that the hydraulic conductivity of damaged clay barriers can be underestimated significantly if small specimens (e.g., tube samples) are used for hydraulic conductivity assessment. The findings also indicate that clay barriers must be protected from desiccation and root intrusion if they are expected to function as intended, even at sites in warm, humid locations.     

River Hydrograph Retransmission Functions of Irrigated Valley Surface Water–Groundwater Interactions

Storage and release functions of western U.S. traditional river valley irrigation systems may counteract early and rapid spring river runoff associated with climate variation. Along the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico, we instrumented a 20-km-long irrigated valley to measure water balance components from 2005 to 2007. Hydrologic processes of the system were incorporated into a system dynamics model to test scenarios of changed water use. Of river water diverted into an earthen irrigation canal system, some was consumed by crop evapotranspiration (7.4%), the rest returned to the river as surface return flow (59.3%) and shallow groundwater return flow that originated as seepage from canals (12.1%) and fields (21.2%). The modeled simulations showed that the coupled surface water irrigation system and shallow aquifer act together to store water underground and then release it to the river, effectively retransmitting river flow until later in the year. Water use conversion to nonirrigation purposes and reduced seepage from canals and fields will likely result in higher spring runoff and lower fall and winter river flow.     

矿井底板承压水突水特征与防治措施研究现状

在参考国内外相关文献的基础上,从煤矿水文地质、底板承压水突水特征、矿井水防治措施三个方面对国内外目前底板承压水突水特征与防治措施研究现状进行了介绍.     

Fortran IV computer program for rapid hierarchical classification of large data sets

A rapid hierarchical classification program enables the clustering of 5000 elements in only a few minutes of central processor time using an IBM 370/168 computer. The program algorithm, based on the reductibility axiom in graph theory, is related to the criterion of correspondence analysis. Its application to a set of hydrogeological data is described briefly.     

岩土工程勘查中的水文地质灾害及防治措施

在岩土工程施工中,水文地质灾害的防治工作是一项十分重要的内容,其防治工作的质量直接影响到岩土工程施工的质量。针对这一问题,开展对岩土工程勘查中的水文地质灾害进行分析,并根据不同地质灾害的形成原因及特点,提出对应的防治措施,从而保障岩土工程的施工质量。